Mythology is everywhere! There are thousands of companies, groups and corporations that take their name, logo or theme from ancient mythology.
Indian Holocaust My Father`s Life and Time - FIVE Hundred Thirty THREE
Palash Biswas
http://indianholocaustmyfatherslifeandtime.blogspot.com/
http://basantipurtimes.blogspot.com/
Mythology Business Strengthens Nuclear Global Zionist Manusmriti Rule as Non Aryan Dravid Legacy has been Diverted in Religious Iconising and Co Option.Mythology is everywhere! There are thousands of companies, groups and corporations that take their name, logo or theme from ancient mythology.
Hanuman is the Best Icon made of Enslaved Non Aryan Black Untouchable Humanity submissive to the Invader, Killer Aryan Rama!
Related searches: hanuman mantra hanuman wallpaper hanuman photo
Search Results
-
Images for Hanuman
-
- Report imagesThank you for the feedback. Report another imagePlease report the offensive image. CancelDone
-
Hanuman - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
-
Hanuman 1] is a Hindu deity, who is an ardent devotee of Rama, a central character in the Indian epic Ramayana. A general among the vanaras, ...
-
Birth - Childhood, education, and curse - Ramayana war
-
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanuman - Cached - Similar
-
Hanuman.com - Shree Hanuman Online - a tribute
-
Read the Hanuman Chalisa (English Transliteration / Translation) Tulsidas' most famous and wisely read poem of 40 verses written in praise of Lord Hanuman. ...
-
www.hanuman.com/ - Cached - Similar
-
Videos for Hanuman
* Hanuman
7 min - 16 Oct 2006
Uploaded by manofsan
youtube.com
* Rodrigo y Gabriela- "Hanuman" OFFICIAL
4 min - 1 Jul 2010
Uploaded by rodgabvideo
youtube.com
-
-
Lord Hanuman - About the Hindu Monkey God, Hanuman
-
Hanuman, the mighty monkey deity is among the most popular gods in the Hindu pantheon. Read how an ape can become so venerable, and about the exciting ...
-
hinduism.about.com/od/lordhanuman/a/hanuman.htm - Cached - Similar
-
Hanuman : The Life of Hanuman - Indian Epic
-
The Life of Hanuman - Indian Epics and Stories - with free wallpaper, many paintings and online mantra mp3.
-
www.sanatansociety.org/indian.../the_life_of_hanuman.htm - Cached - Similar
-
Hanuman
-
Hanuman's Character as Assessed by Sri Ram ... Hearing the foregoing speech of Hanuman, the glorious Rama, who wore a most cheerful countenance, ...
-
www.hinduism.co.za/hanuman.htm - Cached - Similar
-
Jai Hanuman.org
-
30 Jun 2006 ... Welcome to Jai Hanuman.Org. This site aims to provide devotees of Lord Hanuman with necessary resources essential for devotee. ...
-
www.jaihanuman.org/ - Cached - Similar
-
Lord Hanuman
-
Hanuman is a monkey god. He is a noble hero and great devotee of Lord Rama of the Ramayana. ... Children's stories about Hanuman. Puja section on Hanuman ...
-
www.hindunet.org/god/Gods/hanuman/index.htm - Cached - Similar
-
Shri Hanuman Online - Hanumachalisa
-
hindu god hanuman site. contains mp3 bhajans and aarti, for lord hanuman, hanuman chalisa, krishna, ram, sita, lakan, shiv, ganga and bhagavad gita.
-
www.hanumanchalisa.org/ - Cached - Similar
-
Hanuman,Download Hanuman, Bollywood Songs, Hanuman Hindi Songs ...
-
Hanuman Movie Songs,Hanuman Songs,Hanuman Music Review.
-
www.masti4india.com/Hindi_songs/hanuman.html - Cached - Similar
hanuman pictures
hanuman chalisa
hanuman mantra
hanuman movie
hanuman wallpaper
hanuman photo
durga
hanuman images
You have removed results from this search. Hide them
Loading...
MoreFewer
- Howrah, West Bengal
Change locationClose
Search Options
- The web
- Pages from India
- Any time
- Past 2 days
- All results
- Sites with images
Fewer search toolsMore search tools
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
Now the so called Mainstream Media is indulged to magnify the Hanuman Image with Hanuman Chaleesa in ROMAN as US President Barrack Obama is described as the Devotee of Hanuman it makes the Global Ruling Zionist Brahaminical Corporate Imperialist hegemony stronger Never Before!
Rameshwaram is No Better Myth than the Reality of Adam`s Bridge!
Meanwhile, our old friend on Net Dr Mehul kamdar has been kind enough to respond on my premilinary write ups on Tamilnadu and the Anti Brahamin Dravid Movement. He also confirms the Non Existence and diversion of the Non aryan movement in Tamilnadu.
Yes, it is not only down the South, in Aboriginal Bengal and entire Eastern and North East India, Aboriginal Central India, Himalayan region, everywhere in the Cow Belt, why, all over the world, Brahimnised Aboriginal Indigenous communities SC, ST and OBC Masses blinded and Brainwashed by Brahaminical Trash Literature, Manusmriti and Graded Social status and Economic Purchasing power, Co Option in the Brahaminical system, are the Most Iliterate and Semi Literate people about their own Identity and Nationality, History and Legacy, Roots, persecution, repression, ethnic cleansing,Exclusion and systematic inherent inequality and injustice.
We not only do reject our blood relations with Converted Muslims, Sikhs, Christians, Buddhists but we also practice Untouchability against one another in the most Cruel form!
Specifically, all over the Dravid Nadu, Lingayats, Naidus, Gauda and Reddy communities have joined the Elite Brahaminical Class and Brahimised themselves. Not Dravid Movement, anti Brahaminsm of Anti Aryan stance or Non Aryan identity, Sub Caste politics of Majoritarian Electoral system, Power game of Demographic Adjustment and readustment, Displacement and Exodus thanks to Pune pact, playe the determining role as it is in vogue across the divided bleeding Gepolitics in continuous Holocaust!
In North India as well as South India, inter caste marriage, interlingual interreligion Marriage is very common amongst the Brahamin castes with other Caste Hindus, but the OBC communities are engaged in Honour Killing as they rule themselves in accordance with Manusmriti Rule! BAJRANG dal or RSS,VHP Cadres, Hindutva leaders, Sadhus and sant mostly belong to OBC Communities. Baba Ramdev, Uma Bharati, kalyan Singh, Vashundhara Raje, Gopinath Munde are the examples!
I would rather like all our friends to contribute so that we may be enlightened and awakened!
Hanuman Phenomenon is quite interesting! It is to be understood that the Brahaminical hegemony not only branded us as Demons, Asuras, RAKSHASH, Daitya, Danav, Kinnar, Nag, gandharva and so on, but they also used our Totems, identiies to co opt our symbols, gods and goddesses, life style, produces, culture, nationalities.
Making the total DRAVID Humanity a MONKEY Population is the greatest Historical Manipulation and the Hanuman Phenomenon of devotion and submission is the master key!It not only justifies the Superior Culture Inavasion of Aryas but also nullifies whatsoevr Resistance!It is the same strategic marketing of Consumer Culture, we are habitual to adopt in the Post Modern Globalisation of Manusmriti and Apartheid!
My wife Sabita is Never Convinced with Ambedkarite movement and seems to be irritated all the way with the lifestyle, inherent dicatorial, corrupt attitude and Money spinning!
She had been discussing Vedanta with Sanskrit Pundits whom we met in Rameshwaram, kanya Kumari and Madurai. She is a follower of Ramkrishna Mission ,Vivekanand, Mother sharada and Ramkrishna Paramhans.She is also devoted to Rishi Aurobindo. Though she is quite cooperative and convinced with our Family Liability to defend the Black Untouchable Indiegenous and Aboriginal Communities, she Never hesitates to include herself in the Brahaminical ritulas.
Until you visit Rameshwaram, you may not get the Truth about the Myth of Rama.
About 4,640,000 results (0.19 seconds)
Search Results
-
Videos for Ramayan
* Ramayan Part 3 of 8
7 min - 13 Apr 2008
Uploaded by JaiShriRama
youtube.com
* Ramayan - Full Episode (EP # 01)
25 min - 6 May 2010
Uploaded by ndtvimagine
youtube.com
-
-
Watch Ramayan Online (Ramanand Sagar)
-
Now you can also watch all episodes of Ramanad Sagar's Ramayan-1986 as well as Lu-Kush-1989 (Uttar Ramayan). Uttar Ramayan is available in the some parts of ...
-
onlineramayana.blogspot.com/ - Cached - Similar
-
Valmiki Ramayana
-
Translation of Valmiki Ramayana from Sanskrit to English.
-
valmikiramayan.net/ - Cached
-
Ramanand Sagar Ramayan All Episodes -Watch online/Download free ...
-
Ramanand Sagar Ramayan All Episodes -Watch online/Download on google video: Ramanand Sagar Ramayan Episode 1 Part 1 Ramanand Sagar Ramayan.
-
video247.tv › TV Shows › Hindi TV Shows - Cached - Similar
-
Images for Ramayan
-
- Report imagesThank you for the feedback. Report another imagePlease report the offensive image. CancelDone
-
Ramayan
-
The Ramayan is the story of Ram, the prince who was God. The Ramayan is the great and glorious Indian Epic that has been treasured for over 10000 years. ...
-
intelindia.com/mahabharat/synopsis_ramayan.htm - Cached - Similar
-
Ramayan (TV series) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
-
Ramayan is a highly successful Indian television series created, written, and directed by Ramanand Sagar. The 78-episode series originally aired weekly on ...
-
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayan_(TV_series) - Cached - Similar
-
Ramayan (TV Series 1986–1988) - IMDb
-
Directed by Ramanand Sagar. With Arun Govil, Deepika, Dara Singh, Arvind Trivedi.
-
www.imdb.com/title/tt0268093/ - Cached - Similar
-
Ramayan.com
-
ramayan.com. find something interesting. Valmiki Ramayana · Rama And Sita · Hanuman · Bhagavad Gita · Krishna Pictures · Mahabharata Movie · Hindu Temple ...
-
ramayan.com/ - Cached
-
Ramayan Paintings
-
Ramayana Paintings in the Sanatan Society Indian Art galleries.
-
www.sanatansociety.com › Indian Art Galleries › Indian Epics - Cached - Similar
-
Ramayan - Imagine TV
-
25 Aug 2010 ... Imagine, a masterpiece being retold on television. A brand new series based on Valmiki's Ramayan and Tulsidas' Ramcharitmanas.
-
www.rajshri.com/TVShow/Ramayan - Cached - Similar
-
News for Ramayan
* Radio Ramayan
5 days ago
Fever Radio Ramayan went on-air during Navaratri in Delhi, Mumbai and Kolkata, and will be launched in Bengaluru on December 20. The launch of the Ramayan ...
Indian Express - 3 related articles
-
Searches related to Ramayan
ramayan movie
tulsi ramayan
mahabharat
hanuman
gita
ramayan dvd
ramayan video
ramayan story
You have removed results from this search. Hide them
Loading...
MoreFewer
- Howrah, West Bengal
Change locationClose
Search Options
- The web
- Pages from India
- Any time
- Latest
- Past 24 hours
- All results
- Timeline
- Sites with images
Fewer search toolsMore search tools
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
Sabita is an M.A in Economics and may not be influenced forcibly. But simply looking on the location of Rameshwaram,
She Exclaimed in a manner that Karunanidhi would be very Glad! Since Rameshwaram is an Island and situated in a Tsunami Prone region, she could not see any logic how Rama and his forces could land in Rameshwaram as it was connected to the mainland with Indira gandhi Setu only during rajiv Gandhi tenure! Specifically as Dhanushkoti had been washed away intsunami very recently! There is a Sita kund, described ancient, which dates back some years only. There are Foot Marks of sant Tulsi Das who wrote Ramayan and was born and died in Banaras. he is not known to cross the Dandakaranya!Not only this, you have to witness RAMSHILA shifted from the washed away Dhanushkoti!
-
::Learn from Indian Mythology::
-
Indian Mythology is one of the richest elements of Indian Culture, which enriches it further and makes it a unique one in the world. ...
-
Avatars - Stories - Concepts & terms - Login
-
indianmythology.com/finish/ - Cached - Similar
-
Indian Mythology - Hindu Mythology Articles, Facts @ Indian ...
-
Indian Divinity - Hindu Mythology Articles - All you want to know about Hindu Mythology, the hindu way of life, stories and legends of various gods, ...
-
www.webonautics.com/mythology/ - Cached - Similar
-
Hindu mythology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
-
Hindu religious literature is the large body of traditional narratives related to Hinduism, notably as contained in Sanskrit literature, such as the ...
-
Sources - Vedic mythology - Epics - Cosmogony
-
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu_mythology - Cached - Similar
-
Indian mythology: tales, symbols, and rituals from the heart of ... - Google Books Result
-
Devdutt Pattanaik - 2003 - History - 216 pages
-
From the goddess Kali to the mysterious elephant-headed Ganesha, Indian Mythology explores the rich tapestry of these characters within ninety-nine classic ...
-
books.google.co.in/books?isbn=0892818700...
-
Images for indian mythology
-
- Report imagesThank you for the feedback. Report another imagePlease report the offensive image. CancelDone
-
Indian Mythology
-
Welcome to Indian Mythology. It is our desire to provide you with the best selection of Indian Myths, Legends, Stories and Tales on the web. ...
-
www.indianmythology.org/ - Cached - Similar
-
Kamat's Potpourri: Pictures from Indian Mythology - Indian Mythology
-
30 Jun 2010 ... Index of topics at Kamat's Potpourri on the mythology of India.
-
www.kamat.com/kalranga/mythology/ - Cached - Similar
-
Kidz Korner -Stories from Indian Mythology
-
Popular tales summarized for children to enjoy, including the Ramayana and the Mahabharata.
-
www.indolink.com/kidz/mythology.html - Cached - Similar
-
Introduction to Hindu Mythology
-
Under a Banyan Tree stories from Indian mythology, adapted for today's children. THE THEME OF DHARMA IN THE MAHABHARATA. Vyasa says that the purpose of ...
-
larryavisbrown.homestead.com/files/xeno.mahabcomm.htm - Similar
-
Indian Mythology, Hindu Mythology, Stories from Indian Mythology ...
-
Indian Mythology, Hindu Mythology, Stories from Indian Mythology, Indian Folklore, Indian Traditions, India Directory, India Forum, India Information ...
-
india.mapsofindia.com › Culture - Cached - Similar
-
Concept of Time in Indian Mythology
-
How does Indian mythology view time ? M. H. Krishnaswamy of Chennai authors this Templenet feature on 'Time - as viewed in Indian mythology'. ...
-
www.templenet.com/beliefs/concept_of_time.htm - Cached - Similar
indian mythology stories
hindu mythology
ramayana
greek mythology
roman mythology
indian mythology quiz
indian mythology names
indian mythology characters
You have removed results from this search. Hide them
Loading...
See your ad here » |
MoreFewer
- Howrah, West Bengal
Change locationClose
Search Options
- The web
- Pages from India
- All results
- Timeline
- Sites with images
Fewer search toolsMore search tools
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
About 109 results (0.26 seconds)
Search Results
| *The Hindu |
Theatre enthusiasts 'play' with epicsDeccan Chronicle - 14 hours agoFor many theatre enthusiasts in the city, the fascination with Indian mythology is only increasing, as these have become the favourite topics for plays. ... | *Deccan Chronicle |
Karma is for a niche audienceRediff - 6 days agoKarma is a tale told in a modern way, weaving in Hindu mythology. ... She did her best to fit into a film dealing with Indian mythology. ... | *Rediff |
India's GDP Growth Approaches 9%Motley Fool UK - Owain Bennallack - 5 days agoIn Hindu mythology, there are three chief gods: Brahma, the creator; Shiva, the destroyer; and Vishnu, the preserver. The interplay of these divine beings ... |
Animania sets inDaily News & Analysis - Ankit Ajmera - 22 Nov 2010"People outside India hardly have a clue about Indian mythology. By making it modern and contemporary in nature, this is an attempt to take our culture to a ...Animania: How to fall in love with a grey mongoose - CNNGo.comall 3 news articles » | *CNNGo.com |
A step beyondThe Hindu - Namitha Gokhale - 17 Nov 2010The author is also "deeply fascinated" by Indian mythology, with a lot of her books inspired by its tales and characters. It has also led her to writing ... | *The Hindu |
Jharkhand woman is KBC-4's first crorepatiIndian Express - 19 Nov 2010Ask her now and all she can remember is the cellphone question was something to do with Ram Janmabhoomi and Hindu mythology. ...Video: Amitabh Bachchan with KBC 4's first Crorepati women winner Rahat Taslim businessofcinemaKBC4 gets its first 'crorepati' - Crazy Joysall 99 news articles » | *Rediff |
Chhath Puja 2010 celebrations beginsHaryana News - 11 Nov 2010Chhath Puja is a very old Hindu festival, which is dedicated to Surya. Surya is known as the Sun God according to the Hindu Mythology. ...Chhath songs 2010 - Examiner.comall 125 news articles » | *NDTV.com |
'SA RE GA MA PA SINGING SUPERSTAR' is little different from othersWashington Bangla Radio - 28 Nov 2010By Mithu_Ghoshal on 28 November 2010 It is said by the ancient Indian mythology that, the music itself created from the Damru of the Lord Siva only. ... |
School kids get graphicHindustan Times - 27 Nov 2010... including Christian Montenegro and Leandro Castelao from Argentina, Thakur uses animals venerated in Indian mythology. "We plan to give kids crayons, ... |
You have removed results from this search. Hide them
Loading...
Stay up to date on these results:
- News
MoreFewer
Search Options
- The web
- Pages from India
- All news
- Images
- Blogs
- Any time
- Past hour
- Past 24 hours
- Past week
- Past month
- 2005–2010
- 2000–2004
- 1990–1999
- 1980–1989
- 1970–1979
- Archives
- Custom range...
- From:
- To:
- ex: 23/5/2004
- Sorted by relevance
- Sorted by date
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Sabita was stunned to see the architecture of the Rameshwaram temple which is replicated on Meenakshi Temple in Madurai , made few centures back only! The myth of Twenty Two Kundas having the water of all Sacred Rivers, Four Dhams and so on is more Illogical. Ganges gets into the sea in Gangasagar but you may bathe with Gangajal in Rameshwaram!
Ramayan rejects the existence of Human Inhibition in South India, in the so caled Kiskindhya which is modern Tamilnadu.
Ironically, Tamilnadu is the place which has the most ancient scripted Presence of Humanity.
The Aryan Invaders converted entire Dravid Humanity into Subhuman animal Species and Iconised the Hanuman as GOD to sell their UNTRUTH!
The Dravid Population was dubed as Rakshas. As if the demonisation was not enough, the Brahaminical intelligentsia made the Ancient Aboriginal Indigenous Drabid Non aryan Humanity, ANIMALS, Monkeys!
We accepted it as hanuman is Considered as per as SANKAT Vinashak as the Aryan God Siddhi Vinashak Ganesh is!As we accepted kali, Shiva, Sherawali, Kamakhya, Vindhyadevi, Narmada, Ganga, Meenakshi, Jagannath, all non Aryan gods and Goddesses as ARYAN and readily accepted to worship aryan Invaders like Vishnu and Venkatesh, Rudra and Indra, Rama and Durga, Ganesh and Lakshmi to justify the Ethnic Cleansing of our own ancestors!As aboriginal Eastern and North east India had been converted to Hinduism only after the Fall of Buddhism, few centuries back, the Brahaminical Infection proved to be the greatest calamity ever which marginalised all SC, ST, OBC and converted Minority Communities as Sub human!
Provided our memory works well, not in remote past, Indira Gandhi initiated Expansion of TV Network just after returning to power after her famous defeat following the Emergency. Rajiv Gandhi acomplished the task with High Technology and IT. It Coincided with the Telecast of Ramayan, Mahabharat and Discovery of India folowed by Ramjanmabhomi Movement and Operation Blues Star and Sikh Genocide, Demolition of Babri Mosque and Gujarat Genocide. This sapn silently witnessed the trasformation of Indian Economy which was handed over to India Incs, US Israel Zionsit corpoarte War Economy, Global Hindutva, LPG Mafia and so on. Mythology has DONE the wonder for the ruling class to make Indian Identity reduced in Emerging Market where Economic reforms means total EXCLUSION and Systematic Ethnic Cleanisng. But the forces of Hindutva stand united with all political COLOR with the Zionsit Nehru Gandhi anti India Dynasty.
French President Nicolas Sarkozy took his glamorous wife Carla Bruni sight-seeing in India on Sunday, with the ancient city of Fatehpur Sikri reported to be on their itinerary.
The couple had altered their schedule to sneak in a romantic sunset visit to the Taj Mahal on Saturday evening, when security staff rushed to turn tourists and press away from the white marble "monument to love".
The French president is on a four-day visit to India, and was due to travel with his wife to the capital New Delhi later Sunday to attend a dinner hosted by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh.
The couple's sight-seeing plans were not released by the president's office, which described the day as private time-off, but Indian officials said they were expected to visit Fatehpur Sikri, a ruined 16th-century Mughal city.
Sarkozy last visited India in 2008, just before he married pop star and former model Bruni, and he vowed then to return with her to see the Taj Mahal, located in the city of Agra 200 kilometres (120 miles) from Delhi.
"The cosy twosome reached the monument alone and spent nearly an hour with only two groups of French security men keeping a discreet watch from a distance," the Times of India reported.
"It was Bruni's first visit to the Taj and she seemed completely floored by what she saw."
The Times said the last-minute decision to visit the Taj on Saturday evening rather than on Sunday had caused a headache for managers of the 17th-century mausoleum.
It reported heated exchanges between officials and frustrated tourists who were either unable to enter or were hurriedly cleared out of the site shortly before the couple arrived.
Captain A.S. Tiwari, a senior state official in Agra, said Sarkozy and Bruni would tour the Fatehpur Sikri ruins for about an hour on Sunday afternoon.
"We will close the area off from the public and have deployed at least 1,000 police personnel," he told AFP.
"Local people are anxious to get a glimpse of Carla, but we couldn't allow that because of the security measures."
Sarkozy began his Indian trip in the southern city of Bangalore, a major technology centre, where he reiterated France's support for India to gain a permanent seat on the UN Security Council.
He also welcomed cooperation in space that will lead the two countries to jointly launch satellites to monitor the climate and oceans next year, and expressed a desire for more Indians to study in France.
During talks in Delhi on Monday he is expected to lobby on behalf of French companies looking to do business in the fast-emerging country.
He completes his visit on Tuesday with a trip to Mumbai, India's commercial capital that was hit by Islamist militant attacks two years ago in which hundreds of people died.
Showing results for Rameshwaram. Search instead for Rameshrwam
Search Results
-
Rameshwaram,Rameshwaram in Tamilnadu India,Rameshwaram Temple
-
Rameshwaram - Providing information on rameshwaram temple, rameshwaram in tamilnadu india, temples in rameshwaram, rameshwaram temple tours, ...
-
www.pilgrimage-india.com › South India Pilgrimage - Cached - Similar
-
Images for Rameshwaram
-
- Report imagesThank you for the feedback. Report another imagePlease report the offensive image. CancelDone
-
Rameswaram - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
-
The Ramanatha Swamy Temple occupies major area of Rameshwaram. ... Lakshman Theertham, Rameshwaram. In the background Rameswaram TV Tower, the tallest tower ...
-
Geography - Climate - Demographics - Places to see
-
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rameswaram - Cached - Similar
-
Rameshwaram Tours, Tour to Rameshwaram, Rameshwaram Temple Tour ...
-
Rameshwaram Tourism - Tamilnadu tourism guide provides tour packages and information on Rameshwaram, Rameshwaram Tours, Rameshawaram travel tour in india, ...
-
www.tamilnadu-tourism.com › Tamil Nadu Cities - Cached - Similar
-
Trip to Rameshwaram
-
If you are planning your trip to Rameshwaram, I like to guide you with some useful tips from my personal experience with the Rameshwaram Trip.
-
hubpages.com/hub/Trip-to-Rameshwaram - Cached - Similar
-
How to Reach Rameshwaram - Traveling to Rameshwaram India ...
-
Find useful information on how to reach Rameshwaram, traveling to Ramsewaram, how to get to Rameshwaram etc.
-
www.india-travel-agents.com/.../how-to-reach.html - United States - Cached - Similar
-
Rameshwaram Tourism - Rameshwaram Travel Guide - Rameshwaram ...
-
18 Aug 2009 ... Rameshwaram Tourism, Rameshwaram Attractions and Rameshwaram site,sight seeing. Rameshwaram Travel reviews and deals.
-
www.holidayiq.com › India › Tamil Nadu - Cached - Similar
-
Rameshwaram Trip,Rameshwaram India Trip,Temple Trip to Rameshwaram ...
-
Tamil Nadu Tourism Guide provides a complete information on Temple Trip to Rameshwaram in Tamil Nadu,Pilgrimage Trip on Rameshwaram, Rameshwaram tourist ...
-
www.indiasite.com/tamilnadu/rameshwaram/ - Cached - Similar
-
Videos for Rameshwaram
* 7 Wonders of India: Rameshwaram
4 min - 15 Jan 2009
Uploaded by 7wondersofindia
youtube.com
* Shree Ram built Rameshwaram
2 min - 19 Jan 2008
Uploaded by patjj001
youtube.com
-
Rameshwaram Temple,Legend of Rameshwaram Temple,Rameshwaram Temple ...
-
Rameshwaram Temple - Detailed information on location, legend and significance of Rameshwaram Temple Jyotirlinga in Tamil Nadu. Read about the legend of Ram ...
-
www.mahashivratri.org › About Lord Shiva › Jyotirlingas - Cached - Similar
-
Rameshwaram,Travel to Rameshwaram,Tourism in Rameshwaram ...
-
Rameshwaram in India - South india travel tourism guide provide details on Rameshwaram, tourism in Rameshwaram and offers tours for Rameshwaram, Rameshwaram ...
-
tamilnadu.south-india-tourism.com/.../rameshwaram-travel-tours.html - Cached - Similar
Searches related to Rameshwaram
rameshwaram hotels
rameshwaram map
chennai to rameshwaram
bangalore to rameshwaram
rameshwaram movie
madurai to rameshwaram
rameshwaram photos
rameshwaram history
Rameshwaram Temple in Tamil NaduRameshwaram Temple is situated in the island of Rameswaram, off the Sethu coast of Tamil Nadu and is reached via the Pamban Bridge across the sea. The huge temple is known for its long ornate corridors, towers and 36 theerthams.
Legend behind Rameshwaram Temple
Structure of Rameshwaram Temple
Significance of Rameshwaram Temple Jyotirlinga
Significance of Rameshwaram Temple Jyotirlinga has been described through a shloka in Manas:
Je rameshwar darshan kari hahi |
Te tanu taji mam loka sidaari hahi ||
Meaning: Those who go to Rameshwar and seeks my blessings, shall always reside in Shivloka.
Epic portrayal Prerna Raturi / New Delhi November 28, 2010, 0:46 IST
Ganesh Pyne's SHOW INSPIRED BY The Mahabharata is personal and poignant
Ganesh Pyne calls them the back-benchers of the Mahabharata, without whom the epic would not be complete. "It is not the main characters that intrigue me as much as those who were on the sidelines of this mythological drama," says Pyne whose solo exhibition on India's grand epic begins on December 3.
Click here to visit SME Buzz
* Also Read * Related Stories * * News Now * - Points of inspiration and reference - Journeys in a mythological land - India, China to hold crucial border talks ahead of Wen's visit - GVKPIL bags road project in Gujarat - Dismantle terror machines: India to Pakistan - Adecco reaches new milestone
* Also Read * Related Stories * * News Now * - Weekly review: Sensex reverses losing streak, gains 4% - Govt's nod, not ONGC, needed for Vedanta deal: Cairn - No compromise on JPC demand: BJP - Russia views Pak as 'greatest' potential threat: US cable - NSL Sugars aims 36,000 tpd cane crushing capacity by 2012 * More
In all, 44 works will be on display, of which eight will be tempera paintings and the rest, charcoal and mixed media. It took Pyne about one and a half years to complete the series. But his fascination for the epic goes back to the time when as a child, he would listen wideeyed to his grandmother recounting stories from the Mahabharata.
His exhibition — Pyne's seventh solo show — will not only be a pictorial depiction of Mahabharata's characters, it will also reflect of the artist's emotions and sympathies with some of them. Characters such as Yudhisthira, Amba, Ashwatthama and Satyavati have fascinated Pyne not only for their virtues but also for their vices. "The Mahabharata has very human characters and that is what makes it so intriguing," says Pyne. Even Krishna, for once, is portrayed as a great "human" character.
But which is the character that he empathises with the most? " Ashwatthama," says Pyne, "who was also referred to as the night assassin, since he killed all five sons of the Pandavas at night." Pyne likes to paint through the night.
Born in Kolkata in 1937, Pyne feels his style is influenced by Abanindranath Tagore and also by Dutch artists such as Frans Hals and Rembrandt. Walt Disney's cartoons, local folklore and mythological stories from West Bengal have also left a mark.
After receiving a diploma in drawing and painting from Government College of Art & Craft (Kolkata) in 1959, Pyne started to sketch for animation films at Mandar Mullick's studio. In 1963, he was approached by the Society of Contemporary Artists. "All members were like me — brimming with ideas, with tremendous passion and struggling to be recognised," reminisces Pyne.
Living in a joint family, Pyne says he didn't have to worry about where his next meal would come from. But, "I wanted to get a job and applied to schools and colleges to be a teacher, but in vain," he says. One day, a friend told him about a position in a cotton mill — "to paint on saris," he smiles. But when the person in charge saw his works, he told him not to waste his talent. "He told me to struggle like Jamini Roy, if that's what it would take," recalls Pyne.
Like Roy, too, tempera remains Pyne's favourite medium. He doesn't have a thing for oil, which, he feels, lacks intimacy. "You paint, go back and watch, paint, go back and watch," he says. Choosing the oldest method of painting also means fewer shows, since the artist makes his own colours. Yet it's not the colours that dominate his works. It's the distortion, the exaggeration and a play of light and shadow that lend Pyne's creations a surreal look. Add mythology to this and you're sure to find captivating art.
The exhibition is on from December 3 to January 8, 2011, at the CIMA gallery, Kolkata
(Prerna Raturi is a Kolkata-based freelance writer)
http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/epic-portrayal/416345/
Indian mythology for inspiration: in Business
November 21, 2010
Purnima Varadrajan Mind's eye, People, Thoughts, Lessons of Life, SUCCESS India, Ramayana, Mahabharata, Krishna, Pandava, Draupadi, Kaurava, Arts Leave a comment
Ramayana & Mahabharata and the complexities involved in those epics has always drawn me, inspired me and left me thinking. Though most of spoken about Ram or Dharmraj, every character has something to teach you. I happen to cross some interesting reading in recent economic times, written by DEVDUTT PATTANAIK, author of Jaya..I enjoyed reading it. sharing it.. don't get into the right or wrong or ethical or not ethical discussion, just gulp the truth and reality in it. read on..read the previous post and start this one..
Cont.. from previous post
What is the role of the leader?
Leader in Indian thought is called a Karta or a Yajaman. A Yajman is not an alpha-male who establishes pecking order and demands obedience. He increases the sensitivity of family-members so that they take responsibility for themselves and the world that depends on the family. To do this, he has to increase his own sensitivity to the needs and wants of his own family. Thus increased sensitivity towards responsibility in the family depends on the increased sensitivity of the Yajaman for the family. Their growth mirrors his growth. Ramayana, Dashrath is a Yajman whose children uphold values even when all is threatened by the ambitions of one of their mothers. In the Mahabharata, neither Bhisma nor Dhritarashtra who are elders of the Kuru clan are Yajamans as their wards end up fighting over property. Kunti serves as a Yajman to her children. She realizes that individually no son of hers is strong enough to be king, but collectively they are powerful, and so ensures that they are always bound together by a wife.
Is the eldest the natural leader?
Ram is the eldest in his family but Krishna is not. With or without the crown, both act as leaders as they function as Yajman, understanding people and enabling them to transform and grow.
Once Laxman, the loyal brother of Ram, complained to his brother, "I always have to obey you because you are my elder brother." Ram responded thus, "In our next life, you will be the elder brother but you will still agree with me, not out of obligation or loyalty but because you will realize that all my actions are rooted in dharma."
And so Laxman was reborn as Balabhadra and Ram was reborn as his younger brother, Krishna. Krishna never obeyed Balabhadra but, after initial irritation, Balabhadra always understood.
How does one handle individual aspirations?
This is alluded to through the food and marital arrangements of the Pandavas. When they were children, the mother of the Pandavas, Kunti, divided the food into two halves. One half was given to Bhima who had a great appetite. The second half was divided equally between the other four brothers and their mother. The brothers understood Bhima's need and there was no resentment.
When they got married, however, the brothers had to share their common wife equally. Each brother could spend only one year with her and then wait for four years before his next turn. Bhima did not resent this. And when Arjun accidentally interrupted Yudhishtira when he was with Draupadi he accepted his punishment of a year's exile with grace.
In the household of Draupadi, no one husband was dominant, even though Yudhishtira is the official Yajaman. To satisfy his individual aspiration, each Pandava brother was allowed to have another wife. But this second wife was not allowed to live in the same household as Draupadi. It was a separate house where the brother could also be Yajaman.
Why do break ups happen?
Break-ups happen when the Yajman fails, trust collapses and territoriality rises. Basically when trust and dharma give way to the insecure animal within.
In the Ramayana, stability of the family and kingdom is not the result of Ram being eldest or talented, or because of his
In the Mahabharata, like Ram, Bhisma gives up his claim to the throne for the benefit of his half-brothers. His half-brothers however do not behave like Bharat. They claim the throne. Things go downhill after that as no one behaves like a Yajaman. Bhisma's eldest grandnephew, Dhritarashtra, is not allowed to be king because he is blind resulting in a lifelong resentment in his children, the Kauravas; the second grandchild, Pandu, is allowed to be king but he is unable to father children and so needs the help of the gods to create the five Pandavas.
Focus of the cousins is all about inheritance rights, not royal responsibilities. Dharma collapses. Rather than share, the kingdom ends up being divided. But even that does not solve the problem. No one has transformed. The Kauravas remains resentful, spiteful, insecure and jealous. Krishna intervenes, as there is no Yajaman around. He hopes to inspire the next generation of kings to rise above their animal nature and in doing so enable others around them to rise above animal nature. The process is not easy. It demands many a sacrifice, years of exile, humiliation, war and bloodshed.
How must talent be nurtured?
The ashrama system of Vedic times was an attempt to ensure smooth transition to the next generation of kings while the old king was alive. After being a student, one became a Yajama or head of the household, then when the son came of age, one had to retire and finally renounce the world.
Retirement was a critical step, a quarter of one's lifetime, when one stepped away from actively running the business to enabling the future generation to take over the reins. The point was to render oneself useless over a period of time so that when it is time to renounce the world, the next generation is already running the show responsibly. Thus a vast proportion of time was invested on the next generation.
This explains Dashratha's decision to retire when Ram comes home with a wife. Bhisma, however, is never happy with the capabilities of the next generation and refuses to retire even after his grandnephews (the Pandavas and the Kauravas) have children of their own. His over-protective nature results in over-dependence upon him. No talent is nurtured and the family collapses. In the end, Bhisma has to be pinned to the ground with arrows, so that a new world order can finally be established.
What about daughters taking over family businesses?
Mythology is symbolic. It must not be taken literally. Ideas are communicated through male and female forms. For example, a male form represents king while a female form represents kingdom, thus indicating the mutual dependence. Without either there is neither. Somewhere along the way, there was confusion between idea and the form (vehicle of the idea). Rather than representing kingship, men became identified with kings while women, rather than representing kingdom, became identified as kingdom, hence property.
Stripped of patriarchal bias and literal analogies, Ram, Krishna, Ravan and Duryodhan are mindsets that can exist in men or women. Vishnu is the mindset that ensures prosperity, hence Lakshmi. Anyone can be Vishnu, a daughter as much as a son.
How does one cope with shift in values over generation?
Ram upholds dharma very differently from Krishna. One upholds the rule while the other breaks it. This is because the two belong to very different yugas, or contexts. Ram belongs to Treta yuga and Krishna to Dvapar yuga. The conditions of the world in each yuga is different and so is the response to it. Awareness of this change is critical.
In an earlier age, the Krita yuga, when kings of the earth broke all rules, Vishnu descended as Parashuram. He killed all kings. But then he saw a king called Ram. Impressed by Ram's nobility, Parashuram withdrew from the world. Ability to change with yugas is the hallmark of Vishnu. To cope with the shift in values over generations, Yajmans have to strive to be Vishnu.
How can professionals be included in family businesses?
India is named Bharat-varsha after a king called Bharata (son of Shakuntala, not to be confused with Ram's brother). The story goes that his wives gave him many sons but he rejected them all as they did not 'look' like him. So he invoked the gods and the gods gave him Vithata, an illegitimate abandoned child. Vithata ended up being Bharata's heir. This indicates the value Bharat gave to the kingdom he was responsible for. His sons did not match to his expectations and so he considered an outsider. This is not an easy task and perhaps because Bharata succeeded in taking such a monumental decision, the entire subcontinent came to be named after him.
Often the Yajaman has to struggle between family members and professionals. Family members are viewed as 'mine' and professionals are viewed as 'not mine'. With the former there is more trust while with the latter there is more transaction. Because family members are mine, there is room for more assumptions, more allowances, and more risks, which is not possible with professionals. The professionals, because they are expected to be professional, are encouraged not to have emotional attachment to the business, and focus only on the rules. They are expected to be more logical and less emotional, hence less prejudiced, which an enterprise needs. Unfortunately, what is 'mine' for the Yajaman ends up becoming 'not mine' for the professional.
This creates a distance that is difficult to bridge. Often the professional thinks he is Ram, but the family looks at him as Duryodhan. Or the professional believes he is Krishna, but the family is convinced he is Ravana. Sometimes, the Yajaman thinks of the professional as Ram and Krishna, making family insecure, who refuse to see the professional in the same light.
In the Ramayana, Ram does not consider Ayodhya mine. He does not derive his identity from it. Hence he is able to give it up with ease. Ayodhya is not his territory that secures his self-image. Unfortunately, for most entrepreneurs, businesses are territories that secure their self-image and the self-image of their family. Detachment is not easy.
Governance rules will never create a Ram. And Ram does not need governance rules to decide who will bring greater value to Ayodhya: a son, a daughter, a nephew, a niece or a professional.
Courtesy.. ET
http://purnimavaradrajan.wordpress.com/2010/11/21/indian-mythology-for-inspiration-in-business/Modern myth- mythology and business. | Alterati: The Inside Scoop ...
-
16 Jul 2008 ... Modern myth: mythology and business. James Curcio As many of you have picked up- especially if you've been with us since the beginning- is ...
-
www.alterati.com/.../modern-myth-mythology-and-business/ - Cached - Similar
-
Mythology Company - Home
-
Manufacturer of fashion handcrafted, handpainted and sterling silver jewelry & accessories. Mythology Company designs are inspired by Native American art ...
-
www.mythologyco.com/ - Cached
-
Marketing - MYTHOLOGY * Building Belief In Your Business
-
Mythology - strategic marketing, planning, management.
-
www.mythologymarketing.com/ - Cached - Similar
-
'Indian mythology explains how things work here' - The Times of India
-
7 Jul 2010 ... Ashni Biyani is just 25, but has an enviable job. As the director of Future Ideas, she has to imagine the future of the Future Group's ...
-
timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/...business/...mythology.../6136708.cms - Cached
-
Political Pistachio: The Truth behind the Small Business Mythology
-
5 Nov 2010 ... The Truth behind the Small Business Mythology. By Kevin J. Price There is a mythology about businesses in America. ...
-
politicalpistachio.blogspot.com/.../truth-behind-small-business-mythology.html - Cached
-
business.outlookindia.com | The atheist turns to mythology
-
4 Apr 2009 ... Nor is Future Group EO Kishore Biyani planning a plunge back into showbiz with ideas to film Indian mythology's greatest epic. ...
-
business.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?102030 - Cached - Similar
-
Mythology and Business: The Cave You Are Afraid Of
-
20 Dec 2009 ... Mythology and Business: The Cave You Are Afraid Of by Cristina Lucas. ... The conversation you are afraid to have with your business partner ...
-
www.themessenger.info/.../index.php?...mythology...business... - Cached
-
Leadership and Mythology #8: Myth, Self-Discovery and Business ...
-
29 Jun 2010 ... Tagged as: business, center for change management, Change Management, cymbal, gary monti, Leadership, Myth, mythology and leadership, ...
-
www.activegarage.com/leadership-and-mythology-8-myth-self-discovery-and-business - Cached
-
Business with Greek mythology names ? - Yahoo! Answers
-
10 Dec 2008 ... GREEK NOT ROMAN (: list as many as you know. ... Ares Artemis Aphrodite Apollo Athena Demeter Hera Hestia Hermes Hephaestus Poseidon Zeus Aether ...
-
answers.yahoo.com › ... › Mythology & Folklore - Cached - Similar
-
Get more discussion results
-
The truth behind the small business mythology
-
November 5, 2010. The truth behind the small business mythology. By Kevin Price There is a mythology about businesses in America. ...
-
www.renewamerica.com/columns/price/101105 - Cached
-
People & Society : Mythology & Folklore Business Directory
-
Both mythology and folklore have had a huge impact on the society around us. They have helped to create some of the worlds greatest artistic...
-
www.jasminedirectory.com/society-people/mythology-folklore/ - Cached
-
B2B social media tactics: Method over mythology - Business Exchange
-
27 Oct 2010 ... Social media — the production, consumption, and exchange of online information through social interaction — promises users a world of ...
-
bx.businessweek.com/...mythology/10817706033893323098-7ec0c507eb3f871ff8f28dc3d4cf7491/ - Cached
-
Csaba Markus to premiere mythology-inspired series - Show news ...
-
Csaba Markus to premiere mythology-inspired series - Show news - Brief Article from Art Business News provided by Find Articles at BNET.
-
findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0HMU/is_3_29/ai_84149515/ - Cached
-
Flipkart.com: Business Sutra- Learn How Indian Mythology Can ...
-
Buy Business Sutra- Learn How Indian Mythology Can Rewrite Modern Management-Series 1 in India. Free Home Delivery. Rs.899, Save 10%. Business Sutra- Learn ...
-
www.flipkart.com/business-sutra-learn-indian-mythology-movie-avmcqngw6h4nshrj - Cached
-
Applying Meaning to Management With Ancient Hindu Mythology ...
-
6 Feb 2009 ... "The world of business and the world of our mythological tales are not too different. The characters and the situations are similar. ...
-
devdutt.com/applying-meaning-to-management-with-ancient-hindu-mythology/ - Cached
-
The Co-Founder Mythology, from Stanford University - Business ...
-
While many legendary Silicon Valley companies were founded by teams of two, partnerships aren't without their problems, states venture capitalist Mark ...
jobfunctions.bnet.com/abstract.aspx?docid=2301869 - Cached
-
Mythology of Screen Printing Technology
-
19 Nov 2008 ... Electronic engineers use the terms screen printing, screen printing legend and silk screen to denote writing on a printed circuit board.
-
www.articlesbase.com › ... › Online Business - Cached - Similar
-
Creativity in Business Management Corporate Clusters Corporate ...
-
Corporate Mythology - Creativity in Business Canada - Corporate Speakers - Corporate Marketing Strategies - Creativity in Business Management ...
-
www.creativityinbusiness.ca/ - Cached
-
Knocking The Mythology Out of Affiliate Network Marketing ...
-
Knocking The Mythology Out of Affiliate Network Marketing, Business, thousands of articles on Business, Business articles, read articles about Business.
-
articles.smashits.com/.../business/.../knocking-the-mythology-out-of-affiliate-network-marketing.html - Cached
-
South African Tourism - Business Tourism - African mythology ...
-
As in Europe, African mythology has its roots in tales around fires, told with great animation and drama.
-
www.southafrica.net/sat/.../en/.../business-tourism-full-article?... - Cached
-
Answers.com - Can you name 15 examples of Greek Mythology in ...
-
Examples of advertising with greek mythology? How are greek mythology used in modern society? What are mythological beings in modern business? ...
-
wiki.answers.com/.../Can_you_name_15_examples_of_Greek_Mythology_in_Modern_Day_Times - Cached - Similar
-
In search of tagaloa: pulemelei, samoan mythology and science ...
-
1 Oct 2007 ... In the Tagaloa mythology, the earth is the consequence of the Big Bang .... article FREE - Now for a Limited Time, try Goliath Business News ...
-
goliath.ecnext.com/.../In-search-of-tagaloa-pulemelei.html - Cached - Similar
-
MYTHOLOGY IN MODERN BUSINESS - StumbleUpon
-
MYTHOLOGY IN MODERN BUSINESS. This page needs an update. Most of the companies that it mentions are still around (amazon.com, Hercules); ...
-
www.stumbleupon.com/url/thanasis.com/modern/biz.htm - Cached - Similar
-
Computer games: Mythology-based tales are a hit - Rediff.com Business
-
17 Jul 2009 ... Even adults find these games non-violent and educational.
-
business.rediff.com/.../slide-show-1-mythology-based-tales-are-big-hits.htm - Cached - Similar
-
The Hindu Business Line : Exploring nature and mythology
-
17 Jun 2002 ... According to mythology, it was at Darma valley that the Pandavas cooked their last meal on the five peaks of Panch Chuli Massif before ...
-
www.thehindubusinessline.com/life/2002/.../2002061700160300.htm - Cached
-
Five Leadership Myths
-
Leadership Mythology: Leadership is about getting things done and helping people reach their potential. Unfortunately, many organizations do a pitiful job ...
-
www.businessknowhow.com/growth/mythology.htm - Cached - Similar
-
Seth's Blog: Brand as mythology
-
11 Dec 2006 ... Brands and mythology from Business - Marketing Meets Technology Normally I tend to shy away from using the word "BRAND" because it is very ...
-
sethgodin.typepad.com/seths_blog/.../brand_as_mythol.html - Cached - Similar
-
What are some companies, that use greek mythology as their logan ...
-
25 Aug 2010 ... I have a project for school and i need some things that relate to ... Aegis - Zeus and Athena's protective shield; modern group of insurance ...
-
answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid... - United States - Cached
-
Get more discussion results
-
[PDF]
-
Government and Business: Populist Mythology vs. Democratic Oligarchy
-
File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat - Quick View
-
Mythology vs. Democratic Oligarchy. By Richard E. Wagner, Ph.D. In the past year, sixteen business associations formed an alliance ...
-
www.virginiainstitute.org/pdf/2002_14.pdf - Similar
-
Celtic mythology : Profitable Storytelling for Business & Personal ...
-
29 Sep 2010 ... Subscribe to Profitable Storytelling for Business & Personal Growth .... Tags: audio content reader, Celtic mythology, Fiction, ...
-
www.profitablestorytelling.com/tag/celtic-mythology/ - Cached
MYTHOLOGY IN MODERN SOCIETY
MYTHOLOGY IN DAILY LIFE
COMPANIES & GROUPS
Mythology is everywhere! There are thousands of companies, groups and corporations that take their name, logo or theme from ancient mythology. I've provided a variety of examples to help you in starting your research. Some are well-known international companies, others are of a more local nature.
Actaeon - The legendary huntsman who saw the goddess Artemis bathing and was punished by her for this indiscretion by being turned into a stag. His own hounds eventually tore him to pieces, not realizing it was their master. There is Actaeon Photo, Actaeon Films, and even six ships in the Royal Navy have been named Actaeon after the mythological character.
Aegis - Zeus and Athena's protective shield; Aegis is a modern security and risk management company. The Aegis Combat System is a naval weapons system that uses powerful computers and radars to track and guide weapons to destroy enemy targets. AEGIS is one of the largest HIV/AIDS databases in the world.
Aeson - King of Iolcus and father to the great hero Jason, of the Argonauts and the Golden Fleece fame. You will find Aeson Flooring Systems and Aeson Group Business Consultants.
Aetna - A daughter of Uranus and Gaia. She is the personified goddess of Mt. Etna, a volcano on Sicily. Aetna is a major health insurance company. There exists an Aetna Pest Control company, an Aetna Insulated Wire company. Aetna Group produces stretch wrapping machines, shrink film wrappers and more.
Ajax - Greek warrior in the Trojan War, who "cleaned up" in battle; Ajax is the name of a popular household cleanser.
Amazon - Race of warrior women; amazon.com - huge on-line bookstore. There is also the Amazon Health Care.
Ambrosia - In ancient Greek mythology, ambrosia is sometimes the food, sometimes the drink, of the Greek gods. There is Ambrosia Natural Foods, Ambrosia Software, the famous Ambrosia Salad, and a ton of cafes, banquet halls and restaurants named Ambrosia.
Amphion - Amphion is the son of Zeus and the nymph Antiope, the queen of Thebes. His twin brother is Zethus. Amphion of Finland produces premium grade loudspeakers. Amphion Medical Solutions provides medical record transcription and coding to the healthcare industry.
Antheia - A goddess from the island of Crete, Antheia was the goddess of vegetations, lowlands, marshlands, gardens, blossoms, the budding earth and human love. There is an Antheia Flowers, an Antheia Ballroom, and even an Antheia Hotel.
Apollo - God of light, masculine beauty and music; Apollo Theater is a famous music hall in New York city. There's also an Apollo Health and Beauty Care, Apollo Photonics provides photonic (light) integrated circuit and devices. Apollo Studios is a high fidelity music workshop and Apollo Athletic Club promotes an active and healthy lifestyle.
Ares - Greek god of war; popular car model. As well, Ares is a free open source file sharing program that enables users to share any digital file. There is an Ares Lighting Systems and even an Ares Cuisine Supply company.
Argus - Giant watchman with a hundred eyes; Argus Security is a modern security company, specializing in commercial business protection. Argus Machine Company offers solutions to the gas and oil industries. Argus Controls specializes in automated control systems. Argus Media offers daily market prices and analysis.
Atlas - Was doomed to support the heavens on his shoulders; a modern moving company (Atlas Van Lines); also, Atlas Travel is a popular name for travel agencies all over the globe. Atlas Railroad Company, Atlas Snowshoes, and even Atlas Games.
Aurora - Roman name for Eos, goddess of the Dawn; luxury car model.
Caduceus - A winged staff with two snakes wrapped around it. It was an ancient astrological symbol of commerce and is associated with the Greek god Hermes. You will find Caduceus Magazine, and Caduceus Wine Cellars in Arizona.
Calypso - A sea nymph, daughter of Atlas, who held Odysseus prisoner for seven years on her island of Ogygia. There is mineral exploration company Calypso Uranium, Calypso Technologies, and Calypso Studio in California.
Cerberus - The three-headed hound that guarded the gates to the Underworld. Cerberus Capital Management, L.P., is one of the largest private equity investment firms in the US. Also, Cerberus is the name of a continuous builder software program from Ruby that " like his ancestor will guard your application tests and won't let your project go to the world of dead projects", according to the company. Cerberus FTP Server is a file transfer for internet administrators. There are dozens of companies named or derived from Cerberus.
Charon - Boatman who ferries the souls of the dead to the Underworld; Charon Internet and Charon Productions are two more modern uses.
Centaur - Mythological creatures that are part human and part horse. In modern society, you'll find Centaur Theater Company, Centaur Floor Machines, Centaur Riding School, and Centaur Pharmaceuticals, which manufactures veterinarian medicine.
Ceto - A hideous aquatic creature, she is the personification of the horrors and dangers of the sea, regarded as the the mother of the Gorgons and many other monsters. Ceto Technologies produces high pressure seawater from the power of waves.
Chimera - A monster with the head of a lion, the body of a she-goat and the tail of a dragon. Chimera Lighting Systems provides photography lights. Chimera is a World Wide Web browser for UNIX-based machines. In Toronto, Canada, the Chimera Project is a contemporary dance company.
Chloris - The goddess of flowers and the personification of spring and nature. Chloris Flowers is but one of hundreds of florist stores bearing that name.
Cyclops - These were giant creatures with a single round eye in the middle of their foreheads. There is Cyclops Electronics, Cyclops Bikes, and you can even surf Cyclops Wave, Australia's heaviest wave and one-eyed wonder!
Delphi - Sanctuary to Apollo and home to his famous Oracles; Delphi Forums is an on-line meeting place to promote discussions and to find answers. Delphi is also the name of an international Automotive Group. Delphi Group specializes in global warming and Delphi Energy is into oil and natural gas
Dionysus - God of Wine. You'll find Dionysus Wine and Spirits Company, Dionysus Salon and Spa, Dionysus Winery, Dionysus' Kitchen and possibly thousands of other restaurants and taverns named after the wine god.
Echo - She was the beautiful nymph who fell in love with Narcissus, but he ignored her until she pined away and only an echo of her voice remained. Echo Power Equipment, E.C.H.O. (European Commission Humanitarian Organization) and Echo Digital Audio are some examples of use today. You will find community newspapers called the Echo all over.
Elysium - The dwelling place of the blessed, where those chosen by the gods live. There are the Elysium Gardens, Elysium Digital Design, Elysium Hotel on the island of Mykonos, Elysium Wealth Management and Elysium Hair Salon.
Eos - Goddess of the Dawn. You'll find Eos lip balm, the Canon Eos camera, the Volkswagen Eos vehicle, and even an Eos Golf Company.
Europa - A beautiful maiden seduced by Zeus when he took the form of a white bull. Europa is the official web site of the European Union. There's a Europa Nightclub, Europa Hotel in Belfast, and Europa Worldwide Logistics.
Gemini - The twin sons of Leda called Castor and Polydeuces (Pollux). Gemini Observatory, the Gemini Awards, Gemini Israel Funds and even a Gemini Saw Company are found.
Helicon - A woody mountain in Boeotia, Greece, dedicated to the Muses. Helicon Software, Helicon Tech, Helicon Properties, Helicon Records and Helicon Publishing are some of the modern derivations.
Helios - God who daily drove the sun chariot across the sky; sun god. There's Helios Software, Helios Music, Helios Media Player, Helios Capital Management and Helios Heater.
Hercules - Roman name for Heracles, the greatest Greek hero; the company called Hercules makes a top-selling video graphics card (their slogan is Legendary Strength, Quality and Performance); there is also the Hercules transport plane, used by the United States Air Force to carry large volumes of war material and food; Hercules Incorporated is a maker of chemicals and allied products.
Hermes - Olympian Herald and Messenger god; popular brand of soap. Also, the FTD flower delivery company incorporates Hermes and his winged heels in their logo. The Hermes Boutique offers high end goods. Hermes Financial Group, Hermes Records and Hermes Hotel are further examples.
Hyperion - Titan whose name means "he who goes before the sun"; Hyperion is a company that specializes in "business analysis software." Also the name of a book publishing company. Hyperion Records, Hyperion Power and Hyperion Sound Design also take their name from this Titan.
Hydra - Sea serpent with nine heads, killed by Hercules; It's the chosen name of the Internet Chess Club. There's also Hydra Software and Hydra Browser.
Juno - Roman name for Hera, wife of Zeus; Juno is a popular web-hosting company (www.juno.com), specializing in free web pages and custom e-mail.
Leda - Queen of Sparta and, with Zeus, mother to Helen of Troy and the Dioscuri twins, Castor and Pollux. Leda Furniture Company, Leda Suspension for cars, and a huge number of Leda Hotels around the world.
Leto - With Zeus, mother to Olympian twins Artemis and Apollo. Leto Hotel is in Mykonos and Hotel Leto is in Hydra, both Greek islands.
Mars - Roman name for Ares, god of War; name of popular candy bar.
Medusa - Terrible monster whose glance would petrify you, killed by the hero Perseus; Medusa Cement Company sells cement products worldwide. Medusa Headphones are sold around the world. You can play at Medusa Paintball and find security with Medusa Defence Systems.
Mercury - Roman name for Hermes, the Messenger god; name of car model produced by the Ford Motor Company; also, an entertainment records label, Mercury Records.
Midas - King with the golden touch, who transformed all he touched to gold; a famous muffler and brake chain of service stations. Midas Consoles makes live audio mixing consoles.
Minerva - Roman name for Athena, who gifted the olive tree to humans; Minerva Oil Company is an international exporter of fine food products. There is a vintage brand of motorcycles called Minerva.
Nike - Winged goddess of Victory, who can run and fly at great speeds; a famous company that sells...well...if you haven't heard of the company Nike, welcome to our planet...:)
Nyx - Primordial goddess of the night. Nyx Cosmetics, Club Nyx in California, and Nyx Comics are but three examples of modern use.
Odyssey - The 10-year sea voyage endured by the Trojan War hero, Odysseus, as he sought to return home to Ithica; Odyssey Travel is a well-known travel agency; Odyssey Records is a record company; there's even an Odyssey Golf Club company, Odyssey BMX, Honda Odyssey...you get the drift, Odyssey is a very popular modern mythological rip-off...
Olympus - Home of the Olympian gods; name of popular camera and photographic technology company. Also, Olympic Airlines is another variation of the name. (Note: Thanasi's Olympus Greek Restaurant is owned by the Myth Man...)
Orion - A giant hunter slain by Artemis in Greek mythology; a motion picture production company, Orion Pictures. Also, Orion Car Audio, Orion Bus Company and Orion Pharma feature the name Orion.
Pandora - The first woman in Greek mythology, whose name means "all-gifted"; Pandora Jewelry sells quality gift merchandise. Pandora Game Console and Pandora Press are two more examples.
Parthenon - The temple of Athena, built on the Acropolis of Athens; perhaps the most-used name for any Greek restaurant in any city of the world! It's ridiculous...I bet there's a Parthenon Restaurant in your town! :)
Pegasus - Winged horse that was born from Medusa's head when she was killed; Pegasus Expedite Company is a national delivery/courier service; Pegasus Satellite Systems is a provider of satellite entertainment services. The winged horse motif is used by dozens of companies. Check out my Pegasus Homework Help page for more on that.
Phoenix - A mythical and one-of-a-kind bird that burns on a funeral pyre after a life of hundreds of years, only to be re-born from the ashes; also the name of a national photographic technology company. You'll find Phoenix Technologies, Phoenix Suns basketball team, and even NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander.
Poseidon - God of the Sea and brother of Zeus; Poseidon Travel is a common travel agency name; Poseidon Seafood is a national brand of seafood products. Neptune, the Roman version, is often also used by companies, as in Neptune Fresh Lobster Co.
Prometheus - The Titan who stole fire from Olympus and whom Zeus sentenced to be chained to a rock and daily an eagle would feast on his liver. Prometheus Company, Prometheus Energy, Prometheus Books, Prometheus Real Estate, the list goes on...
Saturn - Roman name for Cronus, father of Zeus; also the name of the Saturn Automobile Corporation and Saturn Industries.
Selene - The mythological moon goddess. The Selene Team's goal is "to land a remote-controlled lunar rover on the Moon which must then travel a minimum of 500 meters over the lunar surface, while at the same time, sending high-definition images and video as well as other data back to Earth." Selene Furniture sells fine Italian office furnishings.
Titans - Race of gods preceding the Olympians; Titan Tool & Die Company manufactures tools for industry. The Tennessee Titans play in the NFL.
Trident - The three-pronged spear of Poseidon, god of the seas; Trident Gum is a popular gum. (Note: 'Tria' is Greek for 'three' and 'donti' means 'tooth'; hence, Trident translates literally as 'three-teeth', or 'triple-toothed'. Trident Gum, if one is to believe the advertising, helps to clean your teeth, thus the allusion.) You'll also find Trident Microsystems, Trident Sports and Trident Diving Accessories.
Spartan - Greek warrior state, devoted to discipline and the martial arts; Spartan Corporation is a financial advisory company; also, Spartan Tool & Die is a national manufacturer and supplier to the auto industry; Spartan Nutritional Products is a maker and distributor of health supplements. Spartan Scientific, Spartan Stores and Spartan Motors use the name.
Trojan - Inhabitants of the mighty city that was destroyed by the Greeks during the Trojan War, after a siege of ten years; international manufacturer of condoms and birth control products. There's a Trojan Records and a Trojan Tire.
Venus - Roman for Aphrodite, goddess of beauty and love; Venus is the name of a famous beauty product company; Venus International is a popular beauty talent agency; Venus Tan Lines is a swimsuit manufacturer; Venus Razor is a popular women's shaving accessory; Venus Beauty Salon is found in most any city or town...
Vulcan - Roman name for Hephaestus, god of the smiths and the forge; Vulcan Industries is an international manufacturer of steel products. Vulcan Minerals and Vulcan Food Equipment are a couple more companies.
These are but a few of the examples of companies or groups that take their name, logo or theme from mythology. I bet you'll find a ton more if you were to look through the Yellow Pages in your local phone book. If you'd like to suggest any others, please feel free to drop me an e-card or an e-mail.
http://thanasis.com/modern/biz.htm
Rameswaram
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the temple town. For main temple, see Ramanathaswamy temple, Rameswaram.
For the 2009 film, see Rameswaram (film).Rameswaram
— city —
*
Main Gopuram of the temple
*
Rameswaram
Location of Rameswaram
in Tamil Nadu and IndiaCoordinates *9.28°N 79.3°E / 9.28°N 79.3°E / 9.28; 79.3Coordinates: 9.28°N 79.3°E / 9.28°N 79.3°E / 9.28; 79.3 Country * India State Tamil Nadu District(s) Ramanathapuram Population 32,224
population_density = (2001[update])Time zone IST (UTC+5:30) Area
• Elevation
• 10 metres (33 ft)
Inside view of Rameswaram temple
Rameswaram (Tamil: இராமேஸ்வரம், is a town in Ramanathapuram district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is located on Pamban Island separated from mainland India by the Pamban channel and is about 50 kilometres from Mannar Island, Sri Lanka. Pamban Island, also known as Rameswaram Island, is connected to mainland India by the Pamban Bridge. Rameswaram is the terminus of the railway line from Chennai and Madurai. Together with Kashi, it is considered to be one of the holiest places in India to Hindus, and part of the Char Dham pilgrimages. Hence, it is a bustling pilgrim centre.
It is situated in the Gulf of Mannar at the very tip of the Indian peninsula. According to legend, this is the place from where Lord Rama built a bridge Ram Setu (also known as Adam's Bridge) across the sea to Lanka to rescue his consort Sita from her abductor Ravana. Both the Vaishnavites and Shaivites visit this pilgrimage centre which is known as the Varanasi of the south.
Ex-president of India, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, hails from a fishing hamlet called Dhanushkodi situated on this island.Contents
[hide]
-
- ^ Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Rameswaram
- ^ Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Pamban, India
- ^ "Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)". Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 2004-06-16. http://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999. Retrieved 2008-11-01.
- ^ a b Anayath Pisharath Mukundan (1992), Unto Siva consciousness: a brief saga of Lord Siva as the presiding deity of prosperity and national integration, Samkaleen Prakashan, ISBN 9788170831099, http://books.google.com/books?id=NIEFAQAAIAAJ&q=brahma-hatya
- Rameswaram
- Rameswaram -Tamil Nadu Tourism Site* http://www.tamilnadu-tourism.com/tamil-nadu-temples/rameshwaram-temple.html
- http://www.chennaionline.com/toursntravel/ontheroad/rameswaram.asp
- Rameswaram - Pictures
- Photos of Rameswaram (1280x960), published by author
- Madurai Rameswaram Travels
- Madurai Rameswaram Travels
- VedaGnana.org
[show]
v • d • e
Hindu holy cities
India
Ashtavinayaka
Morgaon (Moreshwar) · Lenyadri (Girijatmaj) · Siddhatek · Pali (Ballaleshwar) · Mahad (Varadvinayak) · Ranjangaon (Mahaganapati) · Siddhatek (Siddhivinayak) · Ozar (Vighneswar) · Theur (Chintamani)
Jyotirlinga
Ujjain (Mahakaleshwar) · Varanasi (Kashi Vishvanath) · Rameswaram(Ramanathaswamy) · Prabhas Patan (Somnath) · Parali-Vaijanath(Nageshvara) · Bhorgiri (Bhimashankar) · Trimbakeshwar (Trimbakeshwar) · Kedarnath (Kedarnath) · Srisailam (Mallikājuna) · Omkareshwar (Omkareshwar) · Daulatabad (11 Kms from Grishneshwar) · Deogarh District (Vaidyanath)
Others
Allahabad · Ambaji · Arunachala · Ayodhya · Badrinath · Chidambaram · Chitrakuta · Dakor · Deoghar · Dharmasthala · Dwarka · Gangotri · Gaya · Gokul · Guruvayur · Haridwar · Jageshwar · Kalahasti · Kanchipuram · Kollur · Madurai · Mathura · Nashik · Nathdwara · Puri · Pushkar · Rishikesh · Sabarimala · Somnath · Sringeri · Srirangam · Tirupati · Tripunithura · Udupi · Vrindavan · Yamunotri
* Nepal
Kathmandu · Janakpurdham
Sri Lanka
Kataragama
[show]
v • d • e State of Tamil Nadu
Capital : Chennai
Topics:
Cinema · Cuisine · Economy · Government · History · Language · Literature · Music · People · Politics · Temples · Wildlife
Capital:
Chennai · State bird: Emerald Dove · State Animal: Nilgiri Tahr · State Tree: Palm Tree · State flower: Gloriosa Lily ·
Districts:
Indian economy is like a drunken man: Nirmal Jain
1 Hour agoET Now
Following last week's steep bull correction, Indian stock markets seem to have gathered up momentum again.
Lakshmi Mittal richest business tycoon in South Africa8 Minutes ago
PTI
Indian steel magnet Lakshmi Mittal remains the richest business tycoon in South Africa for the sixth consecutive year despite hit hard by the global crisis.
Now, Facebook offers Rs 38 lakh package for IIT Madras students25 Minutes ago
PTI
Last year, the highest package was offered by Tower Research Capital at Rs 28 lakh per annum and about 225 cos had visited the institute.
- Top Chinese officials led Google hacking: WikiL...
- WikiLeaks' founder determined to fight amid 'po...
- DRDO to develop hacking-proof websites
Exclusive: Joy of a luxury travel to San Diego
- TOP NEWS
- LATEST NEWS
- MY NEWS
- Airlines lower overall fares after pressure
- GM India to hike prices up to 2.5 pc from Jan '11
- BCCI gives nod to Kochi franchise to play in IPL
- US govt workers ordered not to read secret cables
- Vedanta deal needs nod from govt, not ONGC: Cairn
- 'DoT to assess revenue loss in alleged 2G scam'
- IN PICS: President Sarkozy, Bruni visit Taj Mahal
- Apple updates iPhone operating system
- PAN to be mandatory for all MF investments
- Sreedharan set to get another term at Delhi Metro
- 'Global cloud computing mkt to be worth $30 bn'
- Delhi Metro's Ph-3 to begin with CST-Mandi House
more »- India may allow Pakistan access to 26/11 witnesses
- Jet launches daily Delhi-Milan flight
- Two extra coaches to ease rush on Delhi Metro
- Rahul's effect to be felt in the new Cong WC
- 'Oppn causing Rs 78 cr loss to Parliament a day'
- Hacking of CBI website raises question over safety
- Prosecution hid evidence to nail Kasab, says lawyer
- Colombia rains leave 174 dead, 1.5 mn homeless
- Sreedharan set to get another term at Delhi Metro
- Fast-start finance key to Cancun talks: Ramesh
- CBI on trail of Money Matters bank accounts
- Six killed, 34 hurt in China cafe blast: Report
- Some want to kill Kyoto, says China
more »- Industry News
- Auto
- Banking
- Consumer
- Energy
- Ind'l Goods
- Customise
Punjab's business clusters to create 5 lakh jobs
5 Dec, 2010, 1944 hrs IST, IANSThe Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India (Assocham) will develop 15 business clusters in different parts of Punjab.
- Mixed reponse from banks on RBI interest rate advice
- AI refuses to disclose losses from free tickets
- SCI to spend $ 3 bn over next three years on expansion
- Ganesh Polytex chalks out Rs 125 cr capex plan
- Steel majors eye huge returns in retail, to ramp-up outlets
Full Coverage
Mobile Number PortabilitySpectrum ScamAdarsh Housing scamBihar ElectionsCWG CorruptionCurrency WarsObama's India visitAyodhya VerdictVedanta-Cairn BuyoutMining Policy
Advertisement
Market News
- FII trend can dictate market direction
- US: Investors confident of a sustained stock rally
- Sun plans to delist Caraco, offers share buyback
- Sebi allegation on 'nexus' drags down midcaps
- Wall St ends best week in a month; gains eyed
Personal Finance
- Life cos ask IRDA to go slow on regulatory changes
- ING Vysya Life Insurance to launch two new ULIPs
- Invest in consistent MFs to beat mkt volatility
- Banks may raise interest rates on FDs
- Debt avenues for risk-averse investors
Jobs/Careers
- Govt targets 50 cr skilled manpower in 10 years
- Tata Technologies plans hiring spree in Detroit
- IIT placements start with a bang
- Cognizant crosses 1-lakh employee mark
- Government steps up hiring of ATCs
Infotech
- DRDO to develop hacking-proof websites
- Future of TV? Snapping, swiping and surfing
- How to prevent cell phone malfunctions
- 'Reduce software piracy to boost economy, create jobs'
- Kids love the iPhone too !
<a target="_blank" href="http://netspiderads3.indiatimes.com/ads.dll/clickthrough?slotid=164"><img alt="Advertisement" height="60" width="468" border="0" src="http://netspiderads3.indiatimes.com/ads.dll/photoserv?slotid=164"></a>Real Estate
- Vascon's Rs 650-cr residential project in Pune
- Re/Max in talks with banks to forge JV entity
- Ackruti City to challenge trading ban on founders
- EmaarMGF to build 200 villas of upto Rs 8.5 cr
- Godrej Properties to develop residential project
Economy
- Land disputes hitting Indian infrastructure schemes
- Cash condition may ease soon: Rangarajan
- EEPC projects $5 bn fund flows in India over 3-5 yrs
- India's strong demand a problem too: Goldman
- Job-led eco growth need of the hour: Chidambaram
International Business
- Vodafone close to SFR, Polkomtel sales: Report
- Senate bid to renew "middle-class" tax cuts fails
- Google bid to buy-out Groupon falls through: Report
- China throws open health sector to FDI
- SKorea trade pact could create jobs in US
Politics/Nation
- Spain arrests: No connection with Mumbai attacks
- 'If I open my mouth, Mulayam will be in jail'
- New central govt will come in next 6 months: Khurana
- BJP demands early interrogation of Kalmadi
- Pakistan court issues warrants over Bhutto's death
Features
- Hang down your head, Mungeri Lal!
- Corporate conservation- Saving the tiger
- ET Special: Industrial training in India
- Making India the world's 'skill capital'
- VC aid should not be sole focus of start-ups
Opinion
- Asian highway: A long way to go
- Beyond the Bihar verdict
- Avoid acrimony in hindsigh
- Mid-air collusion
- Horror videos from Lanka
- MARKET
- NOW
- LAST
- VIEWED
- YOUR
- WATCHLIST
- YOUR
- PORTFOLIO
- NSE
- BSE
- MOST READ
- MOST COMMENTED
- MOST SHARED
1IIT student gets Rs 70 lakh job offer from Fa...
2CBI website hacked by 'Pakistani Cyber Army'
3How Tata Nano hit a big bump in India
4WikiLeaks to publish files on aliens, UFOs
5Coming up in Bandra's Palli Hill: Anil Ambani...
Get a Quote
<a target="_blank" href="http://netspiderads2.indiatimes.com/ads.dll/clickthrough?slotid=37051"><img alt="Advertisement" height="42" width="300" border="0" src="http://netspiderads2.indiatimes.com/ads.dll/photoserv?slotid=37051"></a>
- NSE
- BSE
- Gainers
- |Losers
- |Movers
- |52 W High
- |52 W Low
- Gainers
- |Losers
- |Movers
- |52 WK High
- |52 WK Low
COMPANYLTP
% CHG
VOLUME
Country Condo
5.600.55(10.9)
567534
Automotive St
103.959.05(9.5)
262704
Entertainment
240.0014.95(6.6)
316969
Bharat Rasaya
82.754.25(5.4)
8
Aries Agro Lt
153.907.60(5.2)
90166
Slide Shows
1 / 6more »
Click here for public services
One of the early success stories was the online railway booking service.
Benefits of Systematic Investment Planning
SIP has gained currency and has become an integral part of portfolio for many investors.
The art of balancing risks and returns
Compartmentalise your needs to prioritise which goal can be put aside in case funds are insufficient.
Tax planning: Plan your needs
It is now the time of the year when one should start the tax planning process.With four months in hand, you have sufficient time to properly plan out your needs.
Strategies for investors to beat market volatility
The stock markets are showing very erratic movements. The contrast in the market behavior between the first half of November and the second could not have been more.
Investors should look at IPOs of companies with potential growth
An IPO is the first sale of shares in a company to the public. After IPO the company is listed on major stock exchanges and trading of shares will begin.
ET Now-IndiaMART Leaders Of Tomorrow Awards 2010
Executive Drive
* Volkswagen's new 2011 Jetta & Passat
Volkswagen intends to bring the new 2011 Jetta and Passat, displayed at The Bologna Motor Show, to India in March.
<a target="_blank" href="http://netspiderads3.indiatimes.com/ads.dll/clickthrough?slotid=537"><img alt="Advertisement" height="42" width="300" border="0" src="http://netspiderads3.indiatimes.com/ads.dll/photoserv?slotid=537"></a>
Poll
Previous Polls »- SHOP
- TRAVEL
- MOBILE 58888Motorola EX128
21% Off on MRP
more »
<a target="_blank" href="http://netspiderads3.indiatimes.com/ads.dll/clickthrough?slotid=551"><img alt="Advertisement" height="120" width="300" border="0" src="http://netspiderads3.indiatimes.com/ads.dll/photoserv?slotid=551"></a>
Movie gupshup
more »
ET Mobile
Get Economic Times on the go. Get your portfolio updates by the minute
- Can bosses be managed?
- Why is it critical to know how to manage your boss?
- Not everyone minds being monitored by marketers: Peter Sondergaard, Gartner Research
- Effective leadership determined less by leadership and more by personalities of people they're managing
- Management Mythos: Mentoring in crisis
Ariyalur · Chennai · Coimbatore · Cuddalore · Dharmapuri · Dindigul · Erode · Kanchipuram · Kanyakumari · Karur · Krishnagiri · Madurai · Nagapattinam · Namakkal · Perambalur · Pudukkottai · Ramanathapuram · Salem · Sivaganga · Thanjavur · The Nilgiris · Theni · Thoothukudi · Tiruchirapalli · Tirunelveli · Tirupur · Tiruvallur · Tiruvannamalai · Tiruvarur · Vellore · Viluppuram · Virudhunagar
Major cities:
Chennai · Coimbatore · Erode · Madurai · Salem · Tiruchirapalli · Tirunelveli · Tirupur · Tuticorin · Vellore
Protected areas:
Biosphere Reserves: · Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve · Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve · Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve ·
National Parks: Guindy National Park · Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park · Indira Gandhi National Park · Mudumalai National Park · Mukurthi National Park · Palani Hills National Park
Wildlife Sanctuaries: Grizzled Squirrel Wildlife Sanctuary · Point Calimere Wildlife and Bird Sanctuary · Vallanadu Wildlife Sanctuary ·
Bird Sanctuaries: Koothankulam Bird Sanctuary · Pulicat Lake Bird Sanctuary · Conservation reserves: Tiruvidaimarudur Conservation Reserve
Portal : Tamil Nadu
[show]
v • d • e
Municipalities of Tamil Nadu
Municipal
Corporations
Chennai · Coimbatore · Erode · Madurai · Salem · Tiruchirappalli · Tirunelveli · Tirupur · Tuticorin · Vellore
Municipalities
Alandur · Ambasamudram · Ambattur · Ambur · Anaiyur · Anakaputhur · Arakkonam · Arani · Aranthangi · Arcot · Ariyalur · Aruppukkottai · Attur · Avadi · Avaniyapuram · Bhavani · Bodinayakanur · Chengalpattu · Chidambaram · Chinnamanur · Colachel · Coonoor · Cuddalore · Cumbum · Devakottai · Dharapadavedu · Dharapuram · Dharmapuri · Dindigul · Edappadi · Gobichettipalayam · Goundampalayam · Gudalur: (Coimbatore district), (Nilgiris district), (Theni district) · Gudiyatham · Hosur · Inam Karur · Jayankondam · Jolarpet · Kadayanallur · Kallakurichi · Kancheepuram · Karaikudi · Karur · Kasipalayam (E) · Kattivakkam · Kayalpattinam · Keelakarai · Kodaikanal · Komarapalayam · Kouthanallur · Kovilpatti · Krishnagiri · Kulithalai · Kumbakonam · Kuniyamuthur · Kurichi · Kuzhithurai · Madhavaram · Maduranthakam · Maduravoyal · Manali · Manapparai · Mannargudi · Maraimalainagar · Mayiladuthurai · Melur · Melvisharam · Mettupalayam · Mettur · Nagapattinam · Nagercoil · Nallur · Namakkal · Narasingapuram · Nellikuppam · Nelliyalam · Padmanabhapuram · Palani · Palladam · Pallavapuram · Pallipalayam · Pammal · Panruti · Paramakudi · Pattukkottai · Perambalur · Periyakulam · Periyasemur · Pernampattu · Pollachi · Poonamallee · Pudukkottai · Puliyankudi · Punjaipuliampatti · Puzhuthivakkam · Rajapalayam · Ramanathapuram · Rameswaram · Ranipet · Rasipuram · Sankarankoil · Sathuvachari · Sathyamangalam · Sattur · Sengottai · Sirkazhi · Sivagangai · Sivakasi · Srivilliputhur · Surampatti · Tambaram · Tenkasi · Thanjavur · Thanthoni · Theni Allinagaram · Tirumangalam · Thiruparankundram · Thiruthangal · Thiruthani · Thiruthuraipoondi · Thiruvannamalai · Thiruvathipuram · Thiruverkadu · Thuraiyur · Thuvakudi · Tindivanam · Tiruchengode · Tiruppattur · Tiruvallur · Tiruvarur · Tiruvottiyur · Udhagamandalam · Udumalaipettai · Usilampatti · Valasaravakkam · Valparai · Vandavasi · Vaniyambadi · Vedaranyam · Veerappanchatram · Velampalayam · Vellakoil · Vikramasingapuram · Villupuram · Virudhachalam · Virudhunagar · Walajapet
Nagar
Panchayats
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rameswaram"
Categories: Hindu holy cities | Holy cities | Hindu pilgrimage sites | Islands of the Indian Ocean | Palk Strait | Gulf of Mannar | Cities and towns in Ramanathapuram district
[edit] Geography
Rameswaram is located at 9°17′N 79°18′E / 9.28°N 79.3°E / 9.28; 79.3.[1] It has an average elevation of 10 metres (32 feet). The religious island is spread in an area of 61.8 square kilometres and happens to be in the shape of a conch. The Ramanatha Swamy Temple occupies major area of Rameshwaram.
The beach of Rameswaram is famous for its beautiful sea featured with no waves at all. The sea waves rise to a maximum height of 3 cm and the view looks like a very big river. Legend has it that Lord Ram of Ramayana prayed to the sea god to pave the way for Lanka. The sea god granted a boon saying that he will make the sea waves less to aid him in building a rock bridge.
[edit] Climate
Rameswaram has dry tropical climate, with average annual rainfall 94 cm, mostly from North East monsoon from October to January. Temperature is a around 30°C to 35°C. Highest ever temperature recorded at Pamban station is 37°C and lowest is 17°C.[2]
[edit] Demographics
As of 2001[update] India census,[3] Rameswaram had a population of 38,035. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Rameswaram has an average literacy rate of 72%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 77%, and female literacy is 66%. In Rameswaram, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age.
View Of the East Gopuram of Rameswaram temple in the morning
Rameswaram is significant for the Hindus as a pilgrimage to Benaras is incomplete without a pilgrimage to Rameswaram. The presiding deity here is in the form of a Linga with the name Sri Ramanatha Swamy, it also happens to be one of the twelve Jyotirlingas.
The masterpiece of South Indian architecture boasts of the biggest temple corridor in India. Different rulers built the Ramanathaswamy Temple over a period of time starting from the twelfth century. The temple comprises twenty two wells where the taste of the water of each well is different from the other. TheWorld Famous Company On GPM Communication Chairman Birthing Place. The grandest part of the temple is the 1219 m pillared corridor consisting of 3.6 m high granite pillars, richly carved and well proportioned. The perspective presented by these pillars run uninterruptedly to a length of nearly 230 m.
According to the Puranas, upon the advice of Rishis (sages), Rama along with Sita and Lakshmana, installed and worshipped the Sivalinga here to expiate the sin of Brahmahatya (killing of a Brahmin).[4] (Ravana, the son of Vishrava and the great grandson of Brahma). Rama fixed an auspicious time for the installation and sent Anjaneya to Mount Kailas to bring a lingam. As Anjaneya could not return in time, Sita herself made a linga of sand. When Anjaneya returned with a linga from Mount Kailas the rituals had been over. To comfort the disappointed Anjaneya, Rama had Anjaneya's lingam (Visvalingam) also installed by the side of Ramalinga, and ordained that rituals be performed first to the Visvalingam.
In Rameswaram Temple, a spiritual "Mani Darisanam" (Mani Darshan) happens in early morning everyday. This "Mani" is made of "spatikam"[a precious stone] and in form of "Holy shivling". According to veda, this is "Mani" of "sheshnag".
Sethu Karai is a place 22 km before the island of Rameswaram from where God Ram is claimed to have built a Floating Stone Bridge Ramasethu from Rameswaram that further continued to Dhanushkodi in Rameswaram till Talaimannar in Sri Lanka as mentioned in the great Hindu epic Ramayana.
[edit] Places to see
*Ramarpadm - Footsteps of Lord Rama | *Ramarpaadham Temple, Rameshwaram | *Ramarpaadham Temple, Rameshwaram | *Ramarpaadham Temple, Rameshwaram |
*Naga Idols at Ram Temple, Rameshwaram | *Lakshman Theertham, Rameshwaram. In the background Rameswaram TV Tower, the tallest tower of India | *Sita Kund - Pond named after Sita | *Floating stones (Hanuman Temple) |
*Sugreevar theertham, Lotus pond on the way to Ramar Padham | *Corridor of 1000 pillars |
[edit] See also
[edit] References
[edit] External links
* | Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Rameswaram |
Ramayana
Part of a series on |
Hindu scriptures |
---|
Vedas |
Rigveda · Yajurveda Samaveda · Atharvaveda |
Vedangas |
Shiksha · Chandas Vyakarana · Nirukta Kalpa · Jyotisha |
Upanishads |
Rig vedic Aitareya |
Puranas |
Brahma puranas Brahma · Brahmānda Brahmavaivarta Markandeya · Bhavishya |
Epics |
Ramayana Mahabharata (Bhagavad Gita) |
Other scriptures |
Manu Smriti Artha Shastra · Agama Tantra · Sūtra · Stotra Dharmashastra Divya Prabandha Tevaram Ramcharitmanas Yoga Vasistha |
Scripture classification |
Śruti · Smriti |
The Ramayana (Sanskrit: रामायण, Rāmāyaṇa, IPA: [rɑːˈmɑːjəɳə] ?) is an ancient Sanskrit epic. It is ascribed to the Hindu sage Valmiki and forms an important part of the Hindu canon (smṛti). The Ramayana is one of the two great epics of India, the other being the Mahabharata.[1] It depicts the duties of relationships, portraying ideal characters like the ideal servant, the ideal brother, the ideal wife and the ideal king.
The name Ramayana is a tatpurusha compound of Rāma and ayana ("going, advancing"), translating to "Rama's Journey". The Ramayana consists of 24,000 verses in seven books (kāṇḍas) and 500 cantos (sargas),[2] and tells the story of Rama (an incarnation of the Hindu preserver-God Vishnu), whose wife Sita is abducted by the demon king of Lanka, Ravana. Thematically, the epic explores the tenets of human existence and the concept of dharma.[3]
Verses in the Ramayana are written in a 32-syllable meter called anustubh. The epic was an important influence on later Sanskrit poetry and Indian life and culture, particularly through its establishment of the shloka meter. Like its epic cousin the Mahābhārata, the Ramayana is not just an ordinary story: it contains the teachings of ancient Hindu sages and presents them in narrative allegory with philosophical and the devotional elements interspersed. The characters Rama, Sita, Lakshmana, Bharata, Hanuman and Ravana are all fundamental to the cultural consciousness of India.
There are other versions of the Ramayana, notably Buddhist (Dasaratha Jataka No. 461) and Jain in India, and also Indonesian, Thai, Lao, Burmese and Malay versions of the tale.
Contents[hide] |
[edit] Textuality
Traditionally, the Ramayana is ascribed to Valmiki, regarded as India's first poet.[4] The Indian tradition is unanimous in its agreement that the poem is the work of a single poet, the sage Valmiki, a contemporary of Rama and a peripheral actor in the epic drama.[5] The story's original version in Sanskrit is known as Valmiki Ramayana, dating to approximately the 5th to 4th century B.C.[6][7] While it is often viewed as a primarily devotional text, the Vaishnava elements appear to be later accretions possibly dating to the 2nd century BC or later.[8] The main body of the narrative lacks statements of Rama's divinity, and identifications of Rama with Vishnu are rare and subdued even in the later parts of the text.[9]
According to Hindu tradition, the Ramayana takes place during a period of time known as Treta Yuga.[10]
In its extant form, Valmiki's Ramayana is an epic poem of some 50,000 lines. The text survives in several thousand partial and complete manuscripts, the oldest of which appears to date from the 11th century A.D.[11] The text has several regional renderings,[12] recensions and subrecensions. Textual scholar Robert P. Goldman differentiates two major regional recensions: the northern (N) and the southern (S).[11] Scholar Romesh Chunder Dutt writes that "the Ramayana, like the Mahabharata, is a growth of centuries, but the main story is more distinctly the creation of one mind."[13]
There has been speculation as to whether the first and the last chapters of Valmiki's Ramayana were written by the original author. Raghunathan writes that many experts believe they are integral parts of the book in spite of some style differences and narrative contradictions between these two chapters and the rest of the book.[14][15]
Famous retellings include the Ramayanam of Kamban in Tamil (ca. 11th-12th century), Shri Rama Panchali or Krittivasi Ramayan by Krittibas Ojha in Bengali (ca. 15th Century), and Ramacharitamanas by Tulasidas in Awadhi which is a dialect of Hindi (c. 16th century).[12]
[edit] Period
Some cultural evidence (the presence of sati in the Mahabharata but not in the main body of the Ramayana) suggests that the Ramayana predates the Mahabharata.[16] However, the general cultural background of the Ramayana is one of the post-urbanization period of the eastern part of North India (c. 450 BCE), while the Mahabharata reflects the Kuru areas west of this, from the Rigvedic to the late Vedic period.[17]
By tradition, the epic belongs to the Treta Yuga, second of the four eons (yuga) of Hindu chronology. Rama is said to have been born in the Treta Yuga to King Daśaratha in the Ikshvaku vamsa (clan).[18]
The names of the characters (Rama, Sita, Dasharatha, Janaka, Vasishta, Vishwamitra) are all known in Vedic literature such as the Brahmanas which are older than the Valmiki Ramayana.[19] However, nowhere in the surviving Vedic poetry is a story similar to the Ramayana of Valmiki.[20] According to the modern academic view, Brahma, one of the main characters of Ramayana, and Vishnu, who according to Bala Kanda was incarnated as Rama, are not Vedic deities, and come first into prominence with the epics themselves and further during the 'Puranic' period of the later 1st millennium CE. There is also a version of Ramayana, known as Ramopakhyana, found in the epic Mahabharata. This version is depicted as a narration to Yudhishtira.[21]
There is general consensus that books two to six form the oldest portion of the epic while the first book Bala Kanda and the last the Uttara Kanda are later additions.[22] The author or authors of Bala Kanda and Ayodhya Kanda appear to be familiar with the eastern Gangetic basin region of northern India and the Kosala and Magadha region during the period of the sixteen janapadas as the geographical and geopolitical data is in keeping with what is known about the region. However, when the story moves to the Aranya Kanda and beyond, it seems to turn abruptly into fantasy with its demon-slaying hero and fantastic creatures. The geography of central and South India is increasingly vaguely described. The knowledge of the location of the island of Sri Lanka also lacks detail.[23] Basing his assumption on these features, the historian H.D. Sankalia has proposed a date of the 4th century BC for the composition of the text.[24] A. L. Basham, however, is of the opinion that Rama may have been a minor chief who lived in the 8th or the 7th century BC.[25]
[edit] Characters
- Rama is the hero of the tale. Portrayed as the seventh incarnation of the God Vishnu, he is the eldest and favorite son of the King of Ayodhya, Dasharatha, and his wife Kausalya. He is portrayed as the epitome of virtue. Dasharatha is forced by Kaikeyi, one of his wives, to command Rama to relinquish his right to the throne for fourteen years and go into exile.
- Sita is the beloved wife of Rama and the daughter of king Janaka. She is the incarnation of Goddess Lakshmi, the consort of Vishnu. Sita is portrayed as the epitome of female purity and virtue. She follows her husband into exile and is abducted by Ravana. She is imprisoned on the island of Lanka until Rama rescues her by defeating the demon king Ravana. Later, she gives birth to Lava and Kusha, the heirs of Rama.
- Hanuman is a vanara belonging to the kingdom of Kishkindha. He is portrayed as an incarnation of the God Vayu (He is also called Rudra) and an ideal bhakta of Rama. He is born as the son of Kesari, a vanara king, and the Goddess Anjana. He plays an important part in locating Sita and in the ensuing battle.
- Lakshmana, the younger brother of Rama, who chose to go into exile with him. He is portrayed as an incarnation of the Shesha, the nāga associated with the God Vishnu. He spends his time protecting Sita and Rama. He is forced to leave Sita, who was deceived by the demon Maricha into believing that Rama was in trouble. Sita is abducted by Ravana upon him leaving her.
- Ravana, a rakshasa, is the king of Lanka. After performing severe penance for ten thousand years he received a boon from the creator-God Brahma: he could henceforth not be killed by Gods, demons, or spirits. He is portrayed as a powerful demon king who disturbs the penances of Rishis. Vishnu incarnates as the human Rama to defeat him, thus circumventing the boon given by Brahma.
- Dasharatha is the king of Ayodhya and the father of Rama. He has three queens, Kausalya, Sumitra and Kaikeyi, and three other sons: Bharata, Lakshmana and Shatrughna. Kaikeyi, Dasharatha's favourite queen, forces him to make his son Bharata crown prince and send Rama into exile. Dasharatha dies heartbroken after Rama goes into exile.
- Bharata is the son of Dasharatha. When he learns that his mother Kaikeyi had forced Rama into exile and caused Dasharatha to die brokenhearted, he storms out of the palace and goes in search of Rama in the forest. When Rama refuses to return from his exile to assume the throne, Bharata obtains Rama's sandals and places them on the throne as a gesture that Rama is the true king. Bharata then rules Ayodhya as the regent of Rama for the next fourteen years.
- Shatrughna is the son of Dasharatha and his third wife Queen Sumitra. He is the youngest brother of Rama and also the twin brother of Lakshmana.
[edit] Synopsis
The poem is traditionally divided into several major kandas or books, that deal chronologically with the major events in the life of Rama—Bala kanda, Ayodhya Kanda, Aranya Kanda, Kishkinda Kanda, Sundara Kanda, Yuddha Kanda, and Uttara Kanda.[12] The Bala Kanda describes the birth of Rama, his childhood and marriage to Sita.[26] The Ayodhya Kanda describes the preparations for Rama's coronation and his exile into the forest.[26] The third part, Aranya Kanda, describes the forest life of Rama and the kidnapping of Sita by the demon king Ravana.[26] The fourth book, Kishkinda Kanda, describes the meeting of Hanuman with Rama, the destruction of the vanara king Vali and the coronation of his younger brother Sugriva to the throne of the kingdom of Kishkindha.[26] The fifth book is Sundara Kanda, which narrates the heroism of Hanuman, his flight to Lanka and meeting with Sita.[26] The sixth book, Yuddha Kanda, describes the battle between Rama's and Ravana's armies.[26] The last book, Uttara Kanda, describes the birth of Lava and Kusha to Sita, their coronation to the throne of Ayodhya, and Rama's final departure from the world.[26]
[edit] Bala Kanda
Dasharatha was the king of Kosala, the capital of which was the city of Ayodhya. He had three queens: Kausalya, Kaikeyi and Sumithra. He was childless for a long time and, anxious to produce an heir, he performs a fire sacrifice known as Putra-Kameshti Yagna.[27] As a consequence, Rama is first born to Kausalya, Bharata is born to Kaikeyi, and Sumitra gives birth to twins named Lakshmana and Shatrughna.[28][29] These sons are endowed, to various degrees, with the essence of the God Vishnu; Vishnu had opted to be born into mortality in order to combat the demon Ravana, who was oppressing the Gods, and who could only be destroyed by a mortal.[30] The boys are reared as the princes of the realm, receiving instructions from the scriptures and in warfare. When Rama is 16 years old, the sage Vishwamitra comes to the court of Dasharatha in search of help against demons, who were disturbing sacrificial rites. He chooses Rama, who is followed by Lakshmana, his constant companion throughout the story. Rama and Lakshmana receive instructions and supernatural weapons from Vishwamitra, and proceed to destroy the demons.[31]
Janaka was the king of Mithila. One day, a female child was found in the field by the king in the deep furrow dug by this plough. Overwhelmed with joy, the king regarded the child as a "miraculous gift of God". The child was named Sita, the Sanskrit word for furrow.[32] Sita grew up to be a girl of unparalleled beauty and charm. When Sita was of marriageable age, the king decided to have a swayamvara which included a contest. The king was in possession of an immensely heavy bow, presented to him by the God Shiva: whoever could wield the bow could marry Sita. The sage Vishwamitra attends the swayamvara with Rama and Lakshmana. Only Rama wields the bow and breaks it. Marriages are arranged between the sons of Dasharatha and daughters, nieces of Janaka. The weddings are celebrated with great festivity at Mithila and the marriage party returns to Ayodhya.[31]
[edit] Ayodhya Kanda
After Rama and Sita have been married for twelve years, Dasharatha who had grown old expresses his desire to crown Rama, to which the Kosala assembly and his subjects express their support.[33][34] On the eve of the great event, Kaikeyi—her jealousy aroused by Manthara, a wicked maidservant—claims two boons that Dasharatha had long ago granted her. Kaikeyi demands Rama to be exiled into wilderness for fourteen years, while the succession passes to her son Bharata. The heartbroken king, constrained by his rigid devotion to his given word, accedes to Kaikeyi's demands.[35] Rama accepts his father's reluctant decree with absolute submission and calm self-control which characterizes him throughout the story.[36] He is joined by Sita and Lakshmana. When he asks Sita not to follow him, she says, "the forest where you dwell is Ayodhya for me and Ayodhya without you is a veritable hell for me."[37] After Rama's departure, king Dasharatha, unable to bear the grief, passes away.[38] Meanwhile, Bharata who was on a visit to his maternal uncle, learns about the events in Ayodhya. Bharata refuses to profit from his mother's wicked scheming and visits Rama in the forest. He requests Rama to return and rule. But Rama, determined to carry out his father's orders to the letter, refuses to return before the period of exile. However, Bharata carries Rama's sandals, and keeps them on the throne, while he rules as Rama's regent.[35][38]
[edit] Aranya Kanda
Rama, Sita and Lakshmana journeyed southward along the banks of river Godavari, where they built cottages and lived off the land. At the Panchavati forest they are visited by a rakshasa woman, Surpanakha, the sister of Ravana. She attempts to seduce the brothers and, failing in this, attempts to kill Sita. Lakshmana stops her by cutting off her nose and ears. Hearing of this, her demon brother, Khara, organizes an attack against the princes. Rama annihilates Khara and his demons.[39]
When news of these events reaches Ravana, he resolves to destroy Rama by capturing Sita with the aid of the rakshasa Maricha. Maricha, assuming the form of a golden deer, captivates Sita's attention. Entranced by the beauty of the deer, Sita pleads with Rama to capture it. Rama, aware that this is the play of the demons, is unable to dissuade Sita from her desire and chases the deer into the forest, leaving Sita under Lakshmana's guard. After some time Sita hears Rama calling out to her; afraid for his life she insists that Lakshmana rush to his aid. Lakshmana tries to assure her that Rama is invincible, and that it is best if he continues to follow Rama's orders to protect her. On the verge of hysterics Sita insists that it is not she but Rama who needs Lakshmana's help. He obeys her wish but stipulates that she is not to leave the cottage or entertain any strangers. Finally with the coast clear, Ravana appears in the guise of an ascetic requesting Sita's hospitality. Unaware of the devious plan of her guest, Sita is then forcibly carried away by the evil Ravana.[39][40]
Jatayu, a vulture, tries to rescue Sita, but is mortally wounded. At Lanka, Sita is kept under the heavy guard of rakshasis. Ravana demands Sita marry him, but Sita, eternally devoted to Rama, refuses.[38] Rama and Lakshmana learn about Sita's abduction from Jatayu, and immediately set out to save her.[41] During their search, they meet the demon Kabandha and the ascetic Shabari, who direct them towards Sugriva and Hanuman.[42][43]
[edit] Kishkindha Kanda
The Kishkindha Kanda is set in the monkey citadel Kishkindha. Rama and Lakshmana meet Hanuman, the greatest of monkey heroes and an adherent of Sugriva, the banished pretender to the throne of Kishkindha.[44] Rama befriends Sugriva and helps him by killing his elder brother Vali thus regaining the kingdom of Kiskindha, in exchange for helping Rama to recover Sita.[45] However Sugriva soon forgets his promise and spends his time in debauchery. The clever monkey Queen, Tara, calmly intervenes to prevent an enraged Lakshmana from destroying the monkey citadel. She then eloquently convinces Sugriva to honor his pledge. Sugriva then sends search parties to the four corners of the earth, only to return without success from north, east and west.[46] The southern search party under the leadership of Angad and Hanuman learns from a vulture named Sampati that Sita was taken to Lanka.[46][47]
[edit] Sundara Kanda
The Sundara Kanda forms the heart of Valmiki's Ramayana[48] and consists of a detailed, vivid account of Hanuman's adventures.[44] After learning about Sita, Hanuman assumes a gargantuan form and makes a colossal leap across the ocean to Lanka. Here, Hanuman explores the demon's city and spies on Ravana. He locates Sita in Ashoka grove, who is wooed and threatened by Ravana and his rakshasis to marry Ravana. He reassures her, giving Rama's signet ring as a sign of good faith. He offers to carry Sita back to Rama, however she refuses, reluctant to allow herself to be touched by a male other than her husband. She says that Rama himself must come and avenge the insult of her abduction.[44]
Hanuman then wreaks havoc in Lanka by destroying trees and buildings, and killing Ravana's warriors. He allows himself to be captured and produced before Ravana. He gives a bold lecture to Ravana to release Sita. He is condemned and his tail is set on fire, but he escapes his bonds and, leaping from roof to roof, sets fire to Ravana's citadel and makes the giant leap back from the island. The joyous search party returns to Kishkindha with the news.[44][49]
[edit] Yuddha Kanda
This book describes the battle between the forces of Rama and Ravana. Having received Hanuman's report on Sita, Rama and Lakshmana proceed with their allies towards the shore of the southern sea. There they are joined by Ravana's renegade brother Vibhishana. The monkeys named "Naal" and "Neel" construct a floating bridge (known as Rama Setu) across the ocean, and the princes and their army cross over to Lanka. A lengthy battle ensues and Rama kills Ravana. Rama then installs Vibhishana on the throne of Lanka.[50]
On meeting Sita, Rama asks her to undergo agni Pariksha (test of fire) to prove her purity, since she had stayed at the demon's palace. When Sita plunges into the sacrificial fire, Agni the lord of fire raises Sita, unharmed, to the throne, attesting to her purity.[51] The episode of agni pariksha varies in the versions of Ramayana by Valmiki and Tulsidas.[52] The above version is from Valmiki Ramayana. In Tulsidas's Ramacharitamanas Sita was under the protection of Agni so it was necessary to bring her out before reuniting with Rama. At the expiration of his term of exile, Rama returns to Ayodhya with Sita and Lakshmana, where the coronation is performed.[50] This is the beginning of Ram Rajya. Which means an ideal state with good morals. It is a place where all religions, creed and castes can live together in harmony and work towards progress together. Ram Rajya is the ultimate state of a true democracy where through unity one gains strength and protects the other as humanity is the greatest essence above all. Gambling, drinking and hunting were commonly condemned in Ram Rajya.
[edit] Uttara Kanda
The Uttara Kanda concerns the final years of Rama, Sita, and Rama's brothers. After being crowned king, many years passed pleasantly with Sita. However, despite the agni pariksha (fire ordeal) of Sita, rumors about her purity are spreading among the populace of Ayodhya.[53] Rama yields to public opinion and banishes Sita to the forest, where the sage Valmiki provides shelter in his ashrama (hermitage). Here she gives birth to twin boys, Lava and Kusha, who became pupils of Valmiki and are brought up in ignorance of their identity.
Valmiki composes the Ramayana and teaches Lava and Kusha to sing it. Later, Rama holds a ceremony during Ashwamedha yagna, which the sage Valmiki, with Lava and Kusha, attends. Lava and Kusha sing the Ramayana in the presence of Rama and his vast audience. When Lava and Kusha recite about Sita's exile, Rama becomes grievous, and Valmiki produces Sita. Sita calls upon the Earth, her mother, to receive her and as the ground opens, she vanishes into it.[53][54] Rama then learns that Lava and Kusha are his children. Later a messenger from the Gods appears and informs Rama that the mission of his incarnation was over. Rama returns to his celestial abode.[51] The Uttara Kanda is regarded to be a later addition to the original story by Valmiki.[12]
[edit] Influence on culture and art
One of the most important literary works of ancient India, the Ramayana has had a profound impact on art and culture in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. The story ushered in the tradition of the next thousand years of massive-scale works in the rich diction of regal courts and Brahminical temples. It has also inspired much secondary literature in various languages, notably the Kambaramayanam by the Tamil poet Kambar of the 13th century, the Telugu-language Molla Ramayana, 14th century Kannada poet Narahari's Torave Ramayan, and 15th century Bengali poet Krittibas Ojha's Krittivasi Ramayan, as well as the 16th century Awadhi version, Ramacharitamanas, written by Tulsidas.
The Ramayana became popular in Southeast Asia during the 8th century and was represented in literature, temple architecture, dance and theatre. Today, dramatic enactments of the story of Ramayana, known as Ramlila, take place all across India and in many places across the globe within the Indian diaspora. The Ramayana has inspired works of film as well, most prominently the North American Sita Sings the Blues, which tells the story supporting Sita through song.
[edit] Variant versions
- See also Versions of Ramayana.
As in many oral epics, multiple versions of the Ramayana survive. In particular, the Ramayana related in North India differs in important respects from that preserved in South India and the rest of South-East Asia. There is an extensive tradition of oral storytelling based on the Ramayana in Indonesia, Cambodia, Thailand, Malaysia, Laos, Vietnam, and Maldives.[citation needed] Father Kamil Bulke, author of Ramakatha, has identified over 300 variants of Ramayana.[55]
[edit] Within India
The 7th century CE "Bhatti's Poem" Bhaṭṭikāvya of Bhaṭṭi is a Sanskrit retelling of the epic that simultaneously illustrates the grammatical examples for Pāṇini's Aṣṭādhyāyī as well as the major figures of speech and the Prakrit language.[56]
There are diverse regional versions of the Ramayana written by various authors in India. Some of them differ significantly from each other. During the 12th century AD, Kamban wrote Ramavataram, known popularly as Kambaramayanam in Tamil. Valmiki's Ramayana inspired the Sri Ramacharit Manas by Tulasidas in 1576, an epic Awadhi (a dialect of Hindi) version with a slant more grounded in a different realm of Hindu literature, that of bhakti. It is an acknowledged masterpiece of India, popularly known as Tulsi-krita Ramayana. Gujarati poet Premanand wrote a version of Ramayana in the 17th century. Other versions include a Bengali version by Krittivas in the 14th century, in Oriya by Balarama Das in the 16th century, in Marathi by Sridhara in the 18th century, a Telugu version by Ranganatha in the 15th century, a Torave Ramayana in Kannada by the 16th century poet Narahari and in the 20th century Rashtrakavi Kuvempu's Sri Ramayana Darshnam, Kotha Ramayana in Assamese by the 14th century poet Madhava Kandali and Adhyathma Ramayanam Kilippattu, a Malayalam version by Thunchaththu Ezhuthachan in the 16th century.
There is a sub-plot to Ramayana, prevalent in some parts of India, relating the adventures of Ahi Ravana and Mahi Ravana, the evil brother of Ravana, which enhances the role of Hanuman in the story. Hanuman rescues Rama and Lakshmana after they are kidnapped by the Ahi-mahi Ravana at the behest of Ravana and held prisoner in a subterranean cave, to be sacrificed to the Goddess Kali.
Mappillapattu—a genre of song popular among the Muslims belonging to Kerala and Lakshadweep—has incorporated some episodes from the Ramayana into its songs. These songs, known as Mappila Ramayana, have been handed down from one generation to the next orally.[55] In Mappila Ramayana, the story of the Ramayana has been changed into that of a sultan, and there are no major changes in the names of characters except for that of Rama which is `Laman' in many places. The language and the imagery projected in the Mappilapattu are in accordance with the social fabric of the earlier Muslim community.[55]
[edit] Jain version
Jain version of Ramayana can be found in the various Jain texts like Padmapurana (story of Padma or Rama), Hemacandra's Trisastisalakapurusa Caritra (hagiography of 63 illustrious persons), Sanghadasa's Vasudevahindi and Uttarapurana by Gunabhadara.[57] According to Jain cosmology, every half time cycle has nine sets of Baladeva (balabhadra), Vasudeva (narayana) and Prativasudeva (anti vasudeva or anti hero). Rama, Lakshmana and Ravana are the eighth Baladeva, Vasudeva, and Prativasudeva respectively. Padmanabh Jaini notes that, unlike in the Hindu Puranas, the names Baladeva and Vasudeva are not restricted to Balarama and Krishna in Jain puranas. Instead they serve as names of two distinct class of mighty brothers, who appear nine times in each half of time cycles of the Jain cosmology and jointly rule the half the earth as half-chakravartins. Jaini traces the origin of this list of brothers to the Jinacharitra (lives of the Jinas) by Bhadrabahu swami (3-4th century BCE).[58]
In the Jain epic of Ramayana, it is Lakshmana who ultimately kills Ravana and not Rama as told in the Hindu version.[59] In the end, Rama who lead an upright life renounces his kingdom, becomes a Jain monk and attains moksha. On the other hand, Lakshmana and Ravana go to hell.[60] However, it is predicted that ultimately they both will be reborn as upright persons and attain liberation in their future births. According to Jain texts, Ravana will be the future Tirthankara (omniscient teacher) of Jainism.[61]
The Jain versions has some variations from Valmiki's Ramayana. Dasharatha, the king of Saketa had four queens: Aparajita, Sumitra, Suprabha and Kaikeyi. These four queens had four sons. Aparajita's son was Padma, and he became known by the name of Rama. Sumitra's son was Narayana: he became to be known by another name, Lakshmana. Kaikeyi's son was Bharata and Suprabha's son was Shatrughna.[62] Furthermore, not much was thought of Rama's fidelity to Sita. According to Jain version, Rama had four chief-queens: Maithili, Prabhavati, Ratinibha, and Sridama. Furthermore, Sita takes renunciation as a Jain ascetic after Rama abandons her and is reborn in Heaven. Rama, after Lakshmana's death, also renounces his kingdom and becomes a Jain monk. Ultimately, he attains Kevala Jnana omniscience and finally liberation. Rama predicts that Ravana and Lakshmana, who were in fourth hell, will attain liberation in their future births. Accordingly, Ravana is the future Tirthankara of next half ascending time cycle and Sita will be his Gandhara (chief disciple).[63]
[edit] In Nepal
Two versions of Ramayana are present in Nepal. One is written by Mahakabhi Siddhidas Mahaju in Nepal Bhasa. The other one is written by Aadikavi Bhanubhakta Acharya. The Nepal Bhasa version by Siddhidas Mahaju marks a great point in the renaissance of Nepal Bhasa whereas the one of Bhanubhakta Acharya is the first epic of Nepali.[citation needed]
[edit] Southeast Asian versions
Many other Asian cultures have adapted the Ramayana, resulting in other national epics. In Indonesia, Kakawin Ramayana is an old Javanese rendering; Yogesvara Ramayana is attributed to the scribe Yogesvara circa 9th century CE, who was employed in the court of the Medang in Central Java. It has 2774 stanzas in manipravala style, a mixture of Sanskrit and Archaic prose Javanese language. The most influential version of the Ramayana is the Ravanavadham of Bhatti, popularly known as Bhattikavya. The Javanese Ramayana differs markedly from the original Hindu prototype. The 9th century Javanese Kakawin Ramayana has become the reference of Ramayana in the neighboring island of Bali. The bas reliefs of Ramayana and Krishnayana scenes is carved on balustrades wall of 9th century Prambanan temples in Yogyakarta. In Indonesia, Ramayana has been integrated into local culture especially those of Javanese, Balinese and Sundanese, and has become the source of moral and spiritual guidance as well as aesthetic expression and also entertainment. Cultural performances such as Wayang shadow puppet and traditional dances often took their story from Ramayana. In Bali as well as in Java, the dances based on the episode of Ramayana often performed in temples such as Prambanan in Java and Pura in Bali.
Phra Lak Phra Lam is a Lao language version, whose title comes from Lakshmana and Rama. The story of Lakshmana and Rama is told as the previous life of the Buddha. In Hikayat Seri Rama of Malaysia, Dasharatha is the great-grandson of the Prophet Adam. Ravana receives boons from Allah instead of Brahma.[64] In many Malay language versions, Lakshmana is given greater importance than Rama, whose character is considered somewhat weak.[citation needed]
The Cambodian version of Ramayana, the Reamker, is the most famous story of Khmer Literature since the Funan era. It adapts the Hindu concepts to Buddhist themes and shows the balance of good and evil in the world. The Reamker has several differences from the original Ramayana, including scenes not included in the original and emphasis on Hanuman and Sovanna Maccha, a retelling which influences the Thai and Lao versions. Reamker in Cambodia is not confined to the realm of literature but extends to all Cambodian art forms, such as sculpture, Khmer classical dance, theatre known as Lakhorn Luang (the foundation of the royal ballet), poetry and the mural and bas reliefs seen at the Silver Pagoda and Angkor wat.
Thailand's popular national epic Ramakien ("Glory of Rama") is derived from the Hindu epic. In Ramakien, Sita is the daughter of Ravana and Mandodari (T'os'akanth (=Dasakanth) and Mont'o). Vibhisana (P'ip'ek), the astrologer brother of Ravana, predicts calamity from the horoscope of Sita. So Ravana has her thrown into the waters, who, later, is picked by Janaka (Janok). While the main story is identical to that of the Ramayana, many other aspects were transposed into a Thai context, such as the clothes, weapons, topography, and elements of nature, which are described as being Thai in style. It has an expanded role for Hanuman and he is portrayed as a lascivious character. Ramakien can be seen in an elaborate illustration at the Wat Phra Kaew temple in Bangkok.
Other Southeast Asian adaptations include Ramakavaca of Bali (Indonesia), Maharadya Lawana and Darangen of Mindanao (Philippines), and the Yama Zatdaw of Myanmar. Aspects of the Chinese novel Journey to the West were also inspired by the Ramayana, particularly the character Sun Wukong, who is believed to have been based on Hanuman.[citation needed]
[edit] Theological significance
Rama, the hero of the Ramayana, is a popular deity worshipped in the Hindu religion. Each year, many devout pilgrims trace his journey through India, halting at each of the holy sites along the way. The poem is not seen as just a literary monument, but serves as an integral part of Hinduism, and is held in such reverence that the mere reading or hearing of it, or certain passages of it, is believed by Hindus to free them from sin and bless the reader or listener.
According to Hindu (particularly the Vaishnava) tradition, Rama is an incarnation (Avatar) of the God Vishnu. The main purpose of this incarnation is to demonstrate the righteous path (dharma) for all living creatures on earth.
Arshia Sattar states that the central theme of the Ramayana, as well as the Mahabharata, is respectively Ram's and Krishna's hidden divinity and its progressive revelation.[65]
[edit] See also
[edit] Footnotes
- ^ William Buck & Van Nooten 2000, "Introduction" p.xiii
- ^ Dutt 2004, p.198
- ^ Brockington 2003
- ^ Prabhavananda 1979, p.81
- ^ Goldman 1990, p.29
- ^ R.K. Narayan, The Ramayana. Penguin Group, 2006, page xxiii: "The Indian epic, the Ramayana, dates back to 1500 BC according to certain early scholars. Recent studies have brought it down to about the fourth century BC."
- ^ [1]History of Ancient India: Earliest Times to 1000 A. D. By Radhey Shyam Chaurasia p. 38:"the Kernel of the Ramayana was composed before 500 B.C. while the more recent portion were not probably added till the 2nd century B.C. and later."
- ^ ^ibid. Chaurasia
- ^ Robert P. Goldman, The Rāmāyaṇa of Vālmīki: an epic of ancient India. Bālakāṇḍa. Princeton University Press, 1990, page 45.
- ^ William Buck & Van Nooten 2000, p.xxi
- ^ a b Goldman 1990 "Valmiki's Ramayana: Its nature and history", pp.4-6
- ^ a b c d Sundararajan 1989, p.106
- ^ Dutt 2004, p.191
- ^ Raghunathan, N. (trans.), Srimad Valmiki Ramayana
- ^ Arya, R. P. (ed.), Ramayan of Valmiki
- ^ Goldman, Robert P., The Ramayana of Valmiki: An Epic of Ancient India p. 23
- ^ M. Witzel, The Vedas and the Epics: Some Comparative Notes on Persons, Lineages, Geography, and Grammar. In: P. Koskikallio (ed.) Epics, Khilas, and Puranas. Continuities and Ruptures. Proceedings of the Third Dubrovnik International Conference on the Sanskrit Epics and Puranas. September 2002. Zagreb: Croatian Academy of Sciences and the Arts 2005: 21-80
- ^ Indian Wisdom Or Examples of the Religious, Philosophical, And Ethical Doctrines of the Hindus, by Monier Williams, Published 2006
- ^ In the Vedas Sita means furrow relating to a Goddess of agriculture. - S.S.S.N. Murty, A note on the Ramayana
- ^ Goldman, Robert P., The Ramayana of Valmiki: An Epic of Ancient India p 24
- ^ [2]
- ^ Goldman, Robert P., The Ramayana of Valmiki: An Epic of Ancient India p. 15-16
- ^ Goldman, Robert P., The Ramayana of Valmiki: An Epic of Ancient India p. 28
- ^ See Sankalia, H.D., Ramayana: Myth or Reality, New Delhi, 1963
- ^ Basham, A.L., The Wonder that was India, London, 1956, p 303
- ^ a b c d e f g Keshavadas 1988, p.23
- ^ Keshavadas 1988, p.27
- ^ Keshavadas 1988, p.29
- ^ William Buck & Van Nooten 2000, p.16
- ^ Goldman 1990, p.7 "These sons, are infused with varying portions of the essence of the great Lord Vishnu who has agreed to be born as a man in order to destroy a violent and otherwise invincible demon, the mighty rakshasa Ravana who has been oppressing the Gods, for by the terms of a boon that he has received, the demon can be destroyed only by a mortal."
- ^ a b Goldman 1990, p.7
- ^ Bhattacharji 1998, p.73
- ^ William Buck & Van Nooten 2000, pp.60-61
- ^ Prabhavananda 1979, p.82
- ^ a b Goldman 1990, p.8
- ^ Brockington 2003, p.117
- ^ Keshavadas 1988, pp.69-70
- ^ a b c Prabhavananda 1979, p.83
- ^ a b Goldman 1990, p.9
- ^ William Buck & Van Nooten 2000, p.166-168
- ^ Keshavadas 1988, pp.112-115
- ^ Keshavadas 1988, pp.121-123
- ^ William Buck & Van Nooten 2000, p.183-184
- ^ a b c d Goldman 1990, p.10
- ^ William Buck & Van Nooten 2000, p.197
- ^ a b Goldman 1994, p.4
- ^ Kishore 1995, pp.84-88
- ^ Goldman 1996, p.3
- ^ Goldman 1996, p.4
- ^ a b Goldman 1990, pp. 11-12
- ^ a b Prabhavananda 1979, p.84
- ^ Rajagopal, Arvind (2001). Politics after television. Cambridge University Press. pp. 114–115. ISBN 9780521648394. http://books.google.com/?id=PbgW2jTESKEC&pg=PA114.
- ^ a b Goldman 1990, p.13
- ^ Dutt 2002, "Aswa-Medha" p.146
- ^ a b c "A different song". The Hindu. 12 August 2005. http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/fr/2005/08/12/stories/2005081201210200.htm. Retrieved 2009-05-21.
- ^ Fallon 2009
- ^ Roy, Ashim Kumar (1984). A history of the Jainas. New Delhi: Gitanjali Pub. House. ISBN 11604851. p. 20)
- ^ Jaini, Padmanabh (2000). Collected Papers on Jaina Studies. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publ.. ISBN 81-208-1691-9. p. 377
- ^ Jaini, Padmanabh (1998). The Jaina Path of Purification. New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 81-208-1578-5. p.305
- ^ Jaini, Padmanabh (2000). Collected Papers on Jaina Studies. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publ.. ISBN 81-208-1691-9. p. 359
- ^ "Now, meet Ravan the saint". The Times of India. 2010-07-03. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life/spirituality/meditation/Now-meet-Ravan-the-saint-/articleshow/6123749.cms. Retrieved 2010-07-06.
- ^ Roy, Ashim Kumar (1984). A history of the Jainas. New Delhi: Gitanjali Pub. House. ISBN 11604851. pp. 20-21)
- ^ Helen, Johnson (2009) [1931]. Muni Samvegayashvijay Maharaj. ed (in English. Trans. From Prakrit). Trisastiśalākāpurusacaritra of Hemacandra: The Jain Saga. Part II. Baroda: Oriental Institute. ISBN 978-81-908157-0-3. refer story of Munisuvrata
- ^ Effect Of Ramayana On Various Cultures And Civilisations p. ?
- ^ Sattar 1996, pp. lvi-lvii
[edit] References
- Arya, Ravi Prakash (ed.). Ramayana of Valmiki: Sanskrit Text and English Translation. (English translation according to M. N. Dutt, introduction by Dr. Ramashraya Sharma, 4-volume set) Parimal Publications: Delhi, 1998 ISBN 81-7110-156-9
- Bhattacharji, Sukumari (1998). Legends of Devi. Orient Blackswan. p. 111. ISBN 9788125014386. http://books.google.com/?id=2UszWGeqkZcC.
- Brockington, John (2003). "The Sanskrit Epics". In Flood, Gavin. Blackwell companion to Hinduism. Blackwell Publishing. pp. 116–128. ISBN 0-631-21535-2. http://books.google.com/?id=qSfneQ0YYY8C&pg=PA116
- Buck, William; B.A. van Nooten (2000). Ramayana. University of California Press. p. 432. ISBN 9780520227033. http://books.google.com/?id=4Wzg6wFJ5xwC&printsec=frontcover.
- Dutt, Romesh C. (2004). Ramayana. Kessinger Publishing. p. 208. ISBN 9781419143878. http://books.google.com/?id=RPKav7K9eNUC.
- Dutt, Romesh Chunder (2002). The Ramayana and Mahabharata condensed into English verse. Courier Dover Publications. p. 352. ISBN 9780486425061. http://books.google.com/?id=MDf8N9nMlugC.
- Fallon, Oliver (2009). Bhatti's Poem: The Death of Rávana (Bhaṭṭikāvya). New York: New York University Press, Clay Sanskrit Library. ISBN 978-0-8147-2778-2. http://www.claysanskritlibrary.org/volume-v-78.html.
- Keshavadas, Sadguru Sant (1988). Ramayana at a Glance. Motilal Banarsidass Publ.,. p. 211. ISBN 9788120805453. http://books.google.com/?id=3XIatVGyjmQC.
- Goldman, Robert P. (1990). The Ramayana of Valmiki: An Epic of Ancient India: Balakanda. Princeton University Press. p. 456. ISBN 9780691014852. http://books.google.com/?id=DWX43jnbOngC&printsec=frontcover.
- Goldman, Robert P. (1994). The Ramayana of Valmiki: An Epic of Ancient India: Kiskindhakanda. Princeton University Press. p. 416. ISBN 9780691066615. http://books.google.com/?id=BJMWT0ZJYHAC&printsec=frontcover.
- Goldman, Robert P. (1996). The Ramayana of Valmiki: Sundarakanda. Princeton University Press. p. 576. ISBN 9780691066622. http://books.google.com/?id=sFmsrEszbxgC&printsec=frontcover.
- Mahulikar, Dr. Gauri. Effect Of Ramayana On Various Cultures And Civilisations, Ramayan Institute
- Rabb, Kate Milner, National Epics, 1896 - See eText Project Gutenburg
- Murthy, S. S. N. (November 2003). "A note on the Ramayana". Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies (New Delhi) 10 (6): 1–18. ISSN -7561 1084 -7561. http://www.ejvs.laurasianacademy.com/ejvs1006/ejvs1006article.pdf.
- Prabhavananda, Swami (1979 (see also Wikipedia article on book)). The Spiritual Heritage of India. Vedanta Press. p. 374. ISBN 9780874810356. http://books.google.com/?id=zupDCwE73O0C&printsec=frontcover.
- Raghunathan, N. (transl.), Srimad Valmiki Ramayanam, Vighneswara Publishing House, Madras (1981)
- Sattar, Arshia (transl.) (1996). The Rāmāyaṇa by Vālmīki. Viking. p. 696. ISBN 9780140298666. http://books.google.com/?id=em3XAAAAMAAJ.
- Sundararajan, K.R. (1989). "The Ideal of Perfect Life : The Ramayana". In Krishna Sivaraman, Bithika Mukerji. Hindu spirituality: Vedas through Vedanta. The Crossroad Publishing Co.. pp. 106–126. ISBN 9780824507558. http://books.google.com/?id=xPYp7_kMBK4C&pg=PA106.
- A different Song - Article from "The Hindu" August 12, 2005 - "The Hindu : Entertainment Thiruvananthapuram / Music : A different song". Hinduonnet.com. 2005-08-12. http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/fr/2005/08/12/stories/2005081201210200.htm. Retrieved 2010-09-01.
[edit] Further reading
- Original text (Sanskrit)
- GRETIL etext (input by Muneo Tokunaga)
- रामायण (Devanagari version on Wikisource)
- Translations
- Valmiki Ramayana translated by Ralph T. H. Griffith (1870–1874) ( Project Gutenberg )
- Complete Ramayana Translation (7 kandas) by R.C. Dutt (1899)
[edit] External links
Wikisource has original text related to this article: |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Ramayana |
- Illustrated manuscript by Maharana Jagat Singh at British Library
- Topics on Ramayana - Table of Contents -- The Story of Rama
[edit] Translations (English)
- Word to Word Translation of Valmiki Ramayanam with Sanskrit Text and Audio
- Site with Valmiki Ramayana Text with Meaning (Sanskrit)/(English)
- Ramacharita manas (Tulsidas' Ramayana) (Hindi)/(English)
[edit] Research articles
- Siddhinathananda, Swami. "The Role of the Ramayana in Indian Cultural Lore". Vedanta Kesari. http://www.eng.vedanta.ru/library/vedanta_kesari/ramayana.php.
|
|
|
--
Palash Biswas
Pl Read:
http://nandigramunited-banga.blogspot.com/
I am very Happy for this site. Its a nice topic. Its help me very much to solve some problems.
ReplyDeletemobile repairing institute
mobile repairing institute in delhi
mobile repairing training centre
ReplyDeletehow to become slim and fair I have read your excellent post. This is a great job. I have enjoyed reading your post first time. I want to say thanks for this post. Thank you...
This is a fabulous post I seen because of offer it. It is really what I expected to see trust in future you will continue in sharing such a mind boggling post hill station in tamilnadu
ReplyDeleteThanks for sharing such a great blog Keep posting.
ReplyDeletetraders directory
marketing automation tools India
I just found this blog and have high hopes for it to continue. Keep up the great work, its hard to find good ones. I have added to my favorites. Thank You. gaps
ReplyDeleteThis is very interesting content! I have thoroughly enjoyed reading your points and have come to the conclusion that you are right about many of them. You are great. codes for shindo life
ReplyDelete